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2 2021

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Characterization of the anteroposterior center of pressure in upright position in type 2 diabetics with peripheral diabetic neuropathy and paired healthy controls

Toloza-Cano Daissy Carola, Zequera Martha, González Gustavo Hernando Castro

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2021

Vol. 41, no. 1

306--315

Peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a complication of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) that impairs posture control and increases the risk of falling. The aim of this study was to characterize the anteroposterior center of pressure (COP-AP) in the time and the frequency domains in the T2DM/PDN group in relation to the control group. To that end we: (1) evaluated the efficacy of using both linear and non-linear discrete wavelet transform (DWT) analyses to evaluate oscillation patterns in the anteroposterior center of pressure (COP-AP) in the bipedal position in terms of time and frequency and (2) established input parameters for a model for predicting the risk of falling. This study included an experimental sample of 30 people with T2DM/PDN matched by gender, age, weight and height with a control sample of 30 healthy individuals. Unreported techniques for analyzing the COP-AP literature were assessed for their capacity to model patient bodily stability in the proprioceptive, visual and vestibular systems. To measure COP-AP, five tests were performed under different conditions as outlined in the Romberg Test using the ‘‘PEDAR System’’ for measuring plantar pressure. DWTs were used to calculate excursion parameters, average speeds, range, RMS values, the average maximum and minimum amplitude, power spectral densities and energy percentages in 11 frequency bands (D1 to D10 and A10). There were significant differences between the two study groups in terms of the calculated linear parameters ( p < 0.05). Using linear and non-linear DWT analyses, a preliminary characterization of COP-AP patterns was achieved. DWT could be used alongside linear analysis to determine the effect changes in these systems have on postural oscillation in people with T2DM.

Characterization of muscle fatigue in the lower limb by sEMG and angular position using the WFD protocol

Chaparro-Cárdenas Silvia L., Castillo-Castañeda Eduardo, Lozano-Guzmán Alejandro A., Zequera Martha, Gallegos-Torres Ruth Magdalena, Ramirez-Bautista Julian Andres

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2021

Vol. 41, no. 3

933--943

Lower limb muscle fatigue has been evaluated in previous studies to understand painrelated movement variability by analyzing different muscles using surface electromyography (sEMG) and angular position signals; however, further studies are needed to particularly understand strength loss due to gait and to inform the development of intelligent control systems for rehabilitation devices in the prevention and management of musculoskeletal or balance control disorders in the Latin American population. A pilot study was developed to characterize muscle fatigue using a walking fatigue detection (WFD) protocol, an instrumented orthosis and a treadmill. Electrical activity was acquired from Rectus Femoris (RF), Biceps Femoris (BF), Tibialis Anterior (TA) and Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL) muscles, as well as the angular position of the hip and knee of sixteen healthy Latin-American women, aged 22–34 years, 63.5 ± 6 kg mass, and 161 ± 7 cm height. Data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. Preliminary results show that muscle fatigue is clearly identifiable and is represented by a decrease in both amplitude and frequency of the sEMG signal and lower limb angular position. Muscle fatigue was evident in 93.75% of the participants at the end of the test. 75% of the participants experienced muscle fatigue halfway through the test, of which 31.35% were unable to regain strength causing more muscles to fatigue, due to the extra effort they were enduring it was also found that when one muscle goes into fatigue, another muscle supports the action observing muscle compensation but without a uniform pattern.