Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań dotyczące wpływu przeprowadzonych modyfikacji fotoanody ogniw barwnikowych na ich odpowiedz fotowoltaiczną. Analizowano zależności pomiędzy rodzajem barwnika, koadsorbentów i rozpuszczalnika użytego do przygotowania roztworu barwnika zastosowanego do otrzymania fotoanody oraz obecności i sposobu otrzymania warstwy blokującej na parametry fotowoltaiczne wyznaczone z pomiarów charakterystyk prądowo-napięciowych.
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The article presents the results of a study on the impact of the carried out modifications to the photoanode of the dye-sensitized solar cells on their photovoltaic response. The relationships between the type of dye, coadsorbents and solvent applied to prepare the dye solution to obtain the photoanode and the presence and method of preparation the blocking layer on the photovoltaic performance were analyzed using current voltage measurements.
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W pracy przedstawiono możliwości kształtowania wybranych fotoindukowanych właściwości polimerów fotochromowych. Celem prezentowanych badań było określenie wpływu budowy chemicznej azopolimerów na możliwość wykorzystania energii fotonów do deformacji powierzchni materiału oraz do odkształcenia folii polimerowej. Poznanie takich zależności umożliwia projektowanie materiałów do wytwarzania struktur fotonicznych oraz wykazujących efekt fotomechaniczny.
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The paper presents possibilities to influence selected photoinduced properties of photochromic polymers. Our research was aimed to determine the effect of the chemical structure of azopolymers on the possibility of using photon energy to deform the material surface and to deform the polymer foil. The development of such dependencies makes it possible to design materials to produce photonic structures and to exhibit photomechanical effects.
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W pracy przedstawiono dwie pochodne 9,9’-bifluorenylidenu, różniące się długością łańcucha alkoksylowego, które zastosowano jako związki transportujące ładunki dodatnie (HTM) w perowskitowych ogniwach fotowoltaicznych o budowie FTO/b-TiO2/m-TiO2/perowskit/HTM/Au. Dodatkowo przygotowano ogniwa referencyjne bez HTM i zawierające jako HTM spiro-MeOTAD (C81H68N4O8). Najwyższą sprawność (7,33%), wyższą niż ogniwa referencyjnego (4,40%), uzyskano dla związku z grupami etoksylowymi.
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The article presents two 9,9’-bifluorenylidene derivatives differing in the length of the alkoxy chain, which were applied as hole transporting materials (HTM) in perovskite solar cells with structure FTO/b-TiO2/m-TiO2/perovskite/HTM/Au. Additionally, the reference cells without HTM and based on spiro-MeOTAD (C81H68N4O8) as HTM were also prepared. The highest efficiency (7.33%), being higher compare to the reference cell (4.40%), was reached for compound with ethoxyl groups.
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W pracy przedstawiono wybrane właściwości fizykochemiczne imin tiofenowych z wolną grupą –NH2. Celem było określenie wpływu rodzaju podstawnika przy wiązaniu iminowym na właściwości termiczne, elektrochemiczne oraz optyczne. Przetestowano syntezowane związki jako materiały transportujące ładunki dodatnie w ogniwach perowskitowych o strukturze FTO/b-TiO2/m-TiO2/perowskit/imina/Au. Stwierdzono korzystny wpływ obecności pochodnej morfoliny oraz metylobenzenu w strukturze imin na wydajność ogniw.
EN
This article presents selected physicochemical properties of the thiophene imines with a free –NH2 group. The study was focused on investigations of impact of substituent in imine bond structure on thermal, electrochemical and optical properties. The synthesized compounds tested as hole transporting materials in perovskite cells with the structure FTO/b-TiO2/m-TiO /perovskite /imine/Au. The advantageous effect of the presence of morpholine derivative and methylbenzene unit in imines on cells efficiency was found.
This work summarises investigations focused on the photoanode impact on the photovoltaic response of dye-sensitized solar cells. This is a comparison of the results obtained by the authors’ research team with literature data. The studies concern the effect of the chemical structure of the applied dye, TiO₂ nanostructure, co-adsorbents addition, and experimental conditions of the anode preparation. The oxide substrates were examined using a scanning electron microscope to determine the thickness and structure of the material. The TiO₂ substrates with anchored dye molecules were also tested for absorption properties in the UV-Vis light range, largely translating into current density values. Photovoltaic parameters of the fabricated devices with sandwich structure were obtained from current-voltage measurements. During tests conducted with the N719 dye, it was found that devices containing an 8.4 μm thick oxide semiconductor layer had the highest efficiency (5.99%). At the same time, studies were carried out to determine the effect of the solvent and it was found that the best results were obtained using an ACN : tert-butanol mixture (5.46%). Next, phenothiazine derivatives (PTZ-1–PTZ-6) were used to prepare the devices; among the prepared solar cells, the devices containing PTZ-2 and PTZ-3 had the highest performance (6.21 and 6.22%, respectively). Two compounds designated as Th-1 and M-1 were used to prepare devices containing a dye mixture with N719.
In perovskite solar cells, series of symmetrical and asymmetrical imino-naphthalimides were tested as hole-transporting materials. The compounds exhibited high thermal stability at the temperature of the beginning of thermal decomposition above 300 °C. Obtained imino-naphthalimides were electrochemically active and their adequate energy levels confirm the application possibility in the perovskite solar cells. Imino-naphthalimides were absorbed with the maximum wavelength in the range from 331 nm to 411 nm and emitted light from the blue spectral region in a chloroform solution. The presented materials were tested in the perovskite solar cells devices with a construction of FTO/b-TiO2/m-TiO2/perovskite/ HTM/Au. For comparison, the reference perovskite cells were also performed (without hole-transporting materials layer). Of all the proposed materials tested as hole-transporting materials, the bis-(imino-naphthalimide) containing in core the triphenylamine structure showed a power conversion efficiency at 1.10% with a short-circuit current at 1.86 mA and an open-circuit voltage at 581 mV.
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Three low molecular weight compounds bearing carbazole units (1,6-di{3-[2-(4-methylphenyl)vinyl]carbazol-9-yl}hexane and 9,9'-di{6-[3-(2-(4-methylphenyl)vinyl)-9-carbazol-9-yl]hexyl}-[3,3']bicarbazole) and phenoxazine structure (10-butyl-3,7-diphenylphenoxazine) were tested as hole-transporting materials in perovskite solar cells. Two of them were successfully applied as hole transporting layers in electroluminescent light emitted diodes. The examined compounds were high-thermally stable with decomposition temperature found at the range of 280–419 °C. Additionally, DSC measurement revealed that they can be converted into amorphous materials. The compounds possess adequate ionization potentials, to perovskite energy levels, being in the range of 5.15–5.36 eV. The significant increase in power conversion efficiency from 1.60% in the case of a device without hole-transporting layer, to 5.31% for device with 1,6-di{3-[2-(4-methylphenyl)vinyl]carbazol-9- yl}hexane was observed.
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