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Związki chloroalifatyczne w substancjach odpadowych. Część 1. Identyfikacja związków chloroalifatycznych w kompostowanych osadach ściekowych

Żak S., Gaca J.

Ekologia i Technika

2000

R. 8, nr 5

151-155

Results of studies on the changes of chloroaliphatic compound content during composting of sludges have been presented. The investigations were conducted on sludges formed during the treatment of municipal and industrial wastes (from fat industry - vegetable fat processing). The sludges contained excessive amounts of chlorides, iron and aluminium resulting from application of coagulation on FeCl3 and AlCl3 over the sewage treatment. Stabilized sludges were composted by pile method after previous homogenization with postcrop residues (wheat and barley). An analytic method allowing qualitative analysis of chloroaliphatic compounds by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was elaborated. The following compounds were identified: methylene chloride, ethyl chloride, propyl chloride, 1-chlorobutane, 1-chloropentane, 3-methylchloropropane-1 and 3-methylchlorobutane. Relations between the amount of iron and aluminium chlorides and the content of aliphatic compounds have been observed. It was found that the compounds mentioned above were formed parallel to humification of the sludge mass subject to composting.

Identyfikacja związków chloroalifatycznych w materiałach odpadowych pochodzenia antropogenicznego

Żak S., Gaca J.

Ekologia i Technika

2000

R. 8, nr 2

54-58

Composted sludge, soil degraded by excessive chloride salinity, sludges of bottom superficial water-course containers, to which an excessive quantity of chlorides was introduced, elements of improperly operated sewage treatment plant systems by the activated sludge method and by the biolifter method vere analysed for chloraliphatic compounds by GC and GC-MS. Other solutions of three-chamber putrid tank, Imhoff tank, secondary setting tank, biolifters, Imhoff septic tank, slimes of biolifters, sprinkled and rotational, sludge taken from dewatering of sludge drying bed were also investigated. It was found that in the group of chloraliphatic compounds identified by GC-MS there existed low-molecule aliphatic hydrocarbons containing up to C10 and chloraliphatic hydrocarbons including more than ten carbon atoms in the molecule. In the later group there are first order chlor-derivatives in particular. The presence of (II) chloraliphatic compounds accompanies an excessive content of chloride chlorine, ferrum (II) and (III), zinc (II) and aluminium (III) above the natural of background level and fatty compounds (especially non-saturated fats). Besides, it was observed that chloraliphatic compounds concentration increased with the advancement of humification processes.