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Badania nad zmniejszeniem emisji CO i HC podczas rozruchu silnika o ZS w obniżonej temperaturze otoczenia

Koliński K.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

2013

R. 20, nr 10

765--774, CD

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań katalitycznego ograniczenia emisji tlenku węgla i weglowodorów podczas rozruchu silnika o ZS. Badania przeprowadzono na stanowisku w komorze klimatycznej w obniżonych temperaturach otoczenia: -7, -15 i -20°C. W badaniach zastosowano podgrzewany trójfunkcyjny reaktor katalityczny platynowo-palladowy z monolitem metalowym. Metodyka prowadzonych badań polegała na pomiarze stężenia toksycznych składników spalin przed i za z reaktorem katalitycznym przy jednoczesnym pomiarze parametrów rozruchu i pomiarze temperatur w wybranych miejscach silnika oraz reaktora katalitycznego. Emisję tlenku węgla i węglowodorów w okresie rozruchu ograniczono poprzez wstępne podgrzanie reaktora katalitycznego przed rozruchem za pomocą grzejnika elektrycznego. Przy podgrzaniu powierzchni reaktora do 400oC uzyskuje się w temperaturze otoczenia -7°C średnie obniżenie stężenia CO o 80...90%, natomiast węglowodorów o ok. 70%.

This article presents the results of the tests of catalytic reduction of carbon oxide and hydrocarbon emission during the self-ignition engine start-up. The tests were performed at the station in the climate chamber at lowered ambient temperatures: -7,-15 and -20°C. A heated three-function platinumpalladium catalytic reactor with a metal monolith was used in the tests. The test methodology included a measurement of toxic fume concentraction upstream and downstream the catalytic reactor at simultaneous measurement of the start-up parameters and measurement of temperatures in selected engine and catalytic reactor locations. Carbon oxide and hydrocarbon emission during the start-up period can be reduced by initial heating up the catalytic reactor before the start-up by means of an electric heater. When heating up the reactor surface up to 400oC at ambient temperature of -7°C, CO concentration can be reduced by 80...90% and the hydrocarbon concentration can be reduced by app. 70% on the average.

Devkit8000 and Beckhoff controller as a complete control system in hybrid vehicle

Terelak M., Kaźmierczak A., Krakowian K., Górniak A., Kawaliło P.

Silniki Spalinowe

2011

R. 50, nr 3

Hybrid control system and visualization of the actual performance of the two different drives can be realized by PLC controller and SCADA system witch could be installed on simple computer with LCD display. The components and main idea of connecting PLC controller with the SCADA system and simple computer to control hybrid drive system will be implemented to prototype hybrid scooter. This scooter was built by Marcin Terelak and Ernest Ozga during their master studies on Wroclaw University of Technology few years ago. Hybrid vehicle is vehicle which combines a conventional propulsion system with an on-board rechargeable energy storage system to achieve better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle without being hampered by range from a charging unit like a battery electric vehicle, which uses batteries charged by an external source. Prototype hybrid scooter has a conventional engine (gasoline) as well as a four lithium-ion batteries and an electric motor, so that the wheels of the vehicle are driven by both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. Authors showed in the article actual steering control system and parameters of prototype hybrid scooter and also the idea of implementation SCADA system, embedded single board computer and PLC controller to control hybrid drive in prototype scooter. Single-board computers (SBCs) means complete computers built on a single circuit board. Embedded Single Board Computers are much smaller than ATX motherboards, and provide an I/O mix more targeted to an industrial application such as on-board digital and analog I/O, on-board bootable flash so no hard drive is required. Information about single-board computers (DEVKIT8000) and implementation of this computer to control hybrid vehicles engines will be the showed in second part of this article. Programmable logic controller (PLC) as a microprocessor-based system that accepts input data from switches and sensors, processes that data by making decisions in accordance with a stored program, and then generates output signals to devices that perform a particular function based on the application. SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) is very flexible solution for example to choose between the parameters and driving modes in prototype hybrid scooter and also to show information from controller on touch panel.