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Selection of optimal spawner-pairs based on the polymorphism of microsatellite loci in a partially-tetraploid fish species (Coregonus lavaretus)

Kaczmarczyk D., Fopp-Bayat D., Wiśniewska A.

Environmental Biotechnology

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2015

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Vol. 11, No. 1

20--25

EN

Many species that are in danger of extinction require human support in the form of captive-breeding programs to help maintain their populations in the wild.When breeding in captivity, it is important to select breeding pairs that will create the most genetically diverse progeny. Based on the polymorphism of their microsatellite loci, breeding pairs of diploid land animals have been successfully selected. In this theoretical paper, we asked how to adapt this technique to the selection of spawner pairs for restocking populations of partially tetraploid fish species. To test our calculation techniques, we used actual data on the polymorphism of the loci of captured whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). The data enabled calculations showing which spawner pairs would create the most genetically diverse cohort of offspring if they were bred. Themethod presented in the paper can be used for breeding fish in aquaculture conditions to help conserve species.

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Genetic variability of the populations of Zwackhia viridis (Ach.) Poetsch & Schied (Lecanographaceae, Lichenized Ascomycetes) in the Eastern Poland: geographical versus habitat distance

Wieczorek A., Achrem M., Mitka J. R., Rogalski M., Werczyńska K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 2

253--261

EN

Zwackhia viridis is a crustose lichen being found in forests throughout Poland. It belongs to rare species being labelled primeval forest lichens which are associated with large forest complexes. The eastern populations of Z. viridis were examined using RAPD technique in order to check whether geographic distance affects genetic diversity of the populations under study. The analysis of seven populations of that species showed large intraspecific diversity. The greatest genetic similarity occurred between populations from the north-eastern area of the country, about 300 km away from each other. In dendrograms, only these populations have simple matching distance greater than 50%.

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Chemotypes and geographic distribution of the Fusarium graminearum species complex

Przemieniecki S. W., Kurowski T. P., Korzekwa K.

Environmental Biotechnology

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2014

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Vol. 10, No. 2

45--59

EN

The Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) consists of phylogenetically distinct pathogenic species. Isolates from various regions display genetic variety worldwide. Three type B trichothecene chemotypes have been identified within the FGSC: nivalenol, 3-deoxynivalenol and 15-deoxynivalenol. The variations in morphological, genetic and virulence traits of FGSC fungi can be attributed mainly to their geographic boundaries. The geographic range of host plants, type of farming system and weather conditions also influence the prevalence of FGSC taxa. The geographic distribution of FGSC members may reflect not only their chemotype but also adaptive traits. While 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) chemotype is prevalent in most of Europe, the 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) chemotype has achieved greater prevalence in parts of North America. The Asian species F. asiaticum has spread into new territories. Isolates of F. asiaticum have been identified in North America and Europe, and the species has recently been reported to be infecting cereal crops in South America. The occurrence of numerous members of the FGSC in those regions and the introduction of F. asiaticum into new areas raise significant food safety concerns and indicate the need for monitoring mycotoxin concentrations in harvested grain.

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Patterns of genetic diversity in populations of Filipendula ulmaria (L.) at different stages of succession on a meadow abandoned for 30 years

Falińska K., Lembicz M., Jarmołowski A., Borkowska L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 1

27-40

EN

Genetic diversity and spatial variation of two populations of Filipendula ulmaria (L.) were analysed at the initial stage (macroforbs) and the late succession stage (forest community) during a 30-year succession on the abandoned meadows in Białowieża National Park. The study demonstrated a high level of genetic diversity in both populations (D = 0.86 and D = 0.79 in the population at the initial and late succession stage, respectively). Significant genetic differentiation was observed at the cross-population level (FST = 0.008, P <0.001). Among 303 ramets in the population at the initial stage 261 genotypes were detected, of which 24 were clonal, and the remaining (237) were unique (91%). In the population at the late succession stage 92 genotypes were detected among 116 ramets of which 10 were clonal, and 82 unique (89%). The results did not confirm a hypothesis that the low level of the population.s genetic diversity should be expected at the late succession stage. Additionally, the study demonstrates that the prolonged clonal spreading does not always result in genetic monotony of a population. It has been demonstrated that the high level of genetic diversity in the population of clonal species F. ulmaria could be the result of temporal changes in life history traits of long-lived genets. The formation of gaps caused by the disintegration of senile genets and the permanent recruitment of seedlings over 30 years of population development reinforce the appearance of new genets. This process was reflected in both populations by the domination of unique genets and spatial pattern of genotypic diversity.