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Efekty realizacji programu małej retencji w lasach na przykładzie dwóch nadleśnictw obszarów nizinnych

Liberacki D., Korytowski M., Kozaczyk P., Stachowski P., Stasik R.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

2016

Tom 18, cz. 2

428--438

Evaluation of the effects of small retention programme implementation was an aim of the paper. The research was carried out in two forest districts located in lowland area: Włocławek and Dąbrowa Forest District. They are located in the central part of the Polish Lowland in the southern and north-eastern part of Kujawy-Pomerania Province. Location of these objects in the zone of the lowest precipitation and also in the high air temperature have negative impact on the water resources. All of the activities which can protect the water resources as well as can increase the water retention should be priority. Realization of the investment of small retention objects in recent years caused creation of artificial reservoirs collecting significant amount of water, which flowed away until now. Realization of small retention object at Osięciny Forestry of Włocławek Forest District included building weir with regulated flashboard gate in the ditch. Meanwhile in the Dąbrowa Forest District at Krępa watercourse at degraded grasslands of low class in November 2006. Four cascading weir with constant overflow as well as four reservoirs were built. An increase of surface and subsurface retention capacity in Włocławek Forest Districts was from 14 to 14.5 th. m3, with an increase of flowed area from 10.3 th. m2 to 31.7 th. m2. Flowed area created in second analysed forest district – Dąbrowa, was from 1.8 th. m2 to 32.9 th. m2, and built reservoirs stored water of amount from 2.6 th. 3 to 18.1 th. m2. The building devices of small retention caused the water retention increase of about 36.4 th. m3 in total. Improvement of habitat conditions which are in particular sensitive to water shortage, which can appear frequently, was an additional profit of small retention programme implementation, besides the increase of water storage amount. The researches indicated that nature-friendly small water damming devices, constructed from natural materials can also be an cheap alternative for water storage in comparison to constructing bigger water reservoirs, which also demanding high exploitation costs. Small retention water devices presented in the paper allow to carrying out a rational water management with maintain of environmental needs. They also indicate possibility of water retention increase and protection of forest habitats which are particularly sensitive to water shortage. The more so all of the small retention activities can positively affect biodiversity of forest habitats.

Chemizm wody opadowej pod okapem fitocenozy sośniny

Sporek K., Ebiś M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Politechnika Opolska

1999

z. 2

63-74

Powierzchniowe zróżnicowanie akumulacji zanieczyszczeń w ekosystemach leśnych ma związek między innymi z ilością wody spływającej po pniu, która zależy od gatunku i wieku drzewa. Materiałem do badań były próby wody pobrane z chwytników kołnierzowych w drzewostanach sosnowych w Borach Niemodlińskich w Nadleśnictwie Tułowice. Pomiary podokapowe rozpoczęto w kwietniu 1997 roku ( trwaja nadal), zakładając powierzchnię badawczą monitoringu biologicznego zintegrowanego. Założono 17 punktów pomiarowych na powierzchni badawczej wielkości 0,25 ha. Na wybranych drzewach modelowych, reprezentujących poszczególne klasy biologiczne (klasy w stopniach grubości), zbudowano kołnierze na strzale drzewa na wysokości 1,30 m. W pobranych próbach wody oznaczno: odczyn (pH), siarczany, azotany, azotyny, amoniak, metale ciężkie. Otrzymane w tej pracy wyniki wskazują na szczególnie wysoki udział spływu pniowego w akumulacji związków siarki i azotu w wodzie w warunkach BMśw (bór mieszany świeży). Powoduje to dodatkowe obniżenie pH w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie strefy korzeniowej, co przejawia się w strukturze biomasy fitocenozy sośniny.

The surface difference in accumulation of pollution in a wood ecosystem depends among other things on the amount of water running down the trunk, which, in turn, depends on the species of the tree and its age. As sample material the present author used water accumulated in the collars on a pine stand at Bory Niemodlińskie in the Forestry Authority land at Tułowice. Under the canopy measurement tests was started in April 1997 ( and are still being conducted ) with setting up of the area for the integral biological monitoring. Seventeen observation points were used, covering an area of 0,25 ha. Trees were selected to representing given biological classes based on trunk thickness. Collars were put on the tree trunk at a height of 1,30 m. Water samples collected were labeiied and tested for pH plus the content of sulphate, nitrate, ammonia, and heavy metals. Results of the study indicate a significant role of the vertical run off of sulphur and nitrogen compounds in water in a fresh mixed coniferous forest. It rasults in additional lowering of pH level in the proximity of the root strata, which is reflected in the biomass of the pine wood phytocoenosis.