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EN
The research analysed morphological variations of the Woji River between 1986 and 2016 using mathematical extrapolations and temporal data. A 50% reduction in the River mean channel width, full-bank discharge and the stream power was found. Channel siltation occurred due to high sediment fluxes from rapid urban processes versus reduced stream power of the river. Water hyacinth invasion, domestic waste dumps and narrow culvers constricted the river channels. Finally, an impaired river status was found and extinction projected by 2043. Recommended were correction and monitoring exercises to check activities along the river channel and to restore the head stream wetlands.
EN
This study identifies and analyses ecosystem services (ES) in the context of their applicability for drought and flood prevention measures planning undertaken within the framework of small water retention. The results illustrate that ES classified as regulation and maintenance are the most significant because they, one the one hand, contribute the most to improving the flood retention capacity of river catchment areas, whilst on the other hand they provide desirable values that people derive from nature. Furthermore, we also find that the small water retention reservoir is a solution which assures both the best weather hazard prevention as well as the greatest number of benefits.
EN
Climate change, regardless of the causes shaping its rate and direction, can have far-reaching environmental, economic and social impact. A major aspect that might be transformed as a result of climate change are water resources of a catchment. The article presents a possible method of predicting water resource changes by using a meteorological data generator and classical hydrological models. The assessment of water resources in a catchment for a time horizon of 30-50 years is based on an analysis of changes in annual runoff that might occur in changing meteorological conditions. The model used for runoff analysis was the hydrological rainfall-runoff NAM model. Daily meteorological data essential for running the hydrological model were generated by means of SWGEN model. Meteorological data generated for selected climate change scenarios (GISS, CCCM and GFDL) for the years 2030 and 2050 enabled analysing different variants of climate change and their potential effects. The presented results refer to potential changes in water resources of the Kaczawa catchment. It should be emphasized that the obtained results do not say which of the climate change scenarios is more likely, but they present the consequences of climate change described by these scenarios.
EN
The article presents a simulation of urbanization impact on runoff changes in an urbanized catchment. Application of a distributed hydrological WetSpa model enabled comprehensive use of Landsat satellite images as a source of data about contemporary and historical land cover in the catchment. The analyses conducted for the Biała river catchment, with over 60% of the area being urbanized, revealed a significant influence of changes in the size of urbanized area on runoff hydrograph.
PL
Od czasu kryzysu energetycznego w latach 70. ubiegłego wieku, w dobie wysokich cen na surowce energetyczne, istnieje silny trend do wykorzystania odnawialnych źródeł energii. Warto też zwrócić uwagę na możliwości elektrowni wodnych.
PL
Zagrożenie powodziowe w Polsce występuje na powierzchni ponad 2 mln hektarów, obejmujących obszary dolinowe i przymorskie, stanowi to ok. 7% powierzchni kraju [1]. Na obszarze tym występują różne typy powodzi o różnym zakresie przestrzennym i czasie występowania. Najczęstszą przyczyną ich pojawiania się stanowią opady atmosferyczne, które w okresie (półroczach letnich) 1941÷2001 były przyczyną powstawania powodzi w 59% przypadkach. Ponadto w analizowanym okresie, w półroczach zimowych (od listopada do kwietnia), najczęściej pojawiały się powodzie sztormowe (13%), zatorowe (10%), roztopowe (8%), i roztopowo-opadowe (5%). Wystąpiły również awarie urządzeń wodnych, stanowiły one przyczynę 5% powodzi [15]. Powódź jest zjawiskiem przyrodniczym, występującym nieregularnie i na ogół ma gwałtowny przebieg [17]. Wyeliminowanie powodzi jest niemożliwe, gdyż nie można kontrolować takich zjawisk jak opad atmosferyczny, można natomiast ograniczyć wielkość strat spowodowanych powodzią [21]. Na zmniejszenie strat powodziowych można wpływać poprzez rozwiązania techniczne i nietechniczne. Ze względu na stosowane środki techniczne, ochronę przeciwpowodziową dzieli się na czynną i bierną [18, 22].
EN
The flood risk in Poland is found on more than 2 millions hectare area (valley and coastal territory) that constitute about 7% of country area [1]. There are a various types of flooding that are characterized by diverse duration and spatial scope. The reason of flooding occurrence in 59% of cases are precipitation and this was a main reason of inundation in 1941 - 2001 season. The dissertation concerns issues of flood protection in Piotrówka river catchment localized in south Poland. In the last few years the increase of flood incidence can be observed in the considered catchment area. The range of floods also increases and, as a result, larger areas get flooded, which makes consequences of each flood more severe. The instances are flood from July 1997 when the streamflow reached Q = 53.2 m3/s and from 24th August 2005 when the maximum historical flow of Q = 64.9 m3/s was reached. Due to the fact that Piotrówka flows to the Czech Republic, it causes flood risk for both countries. In this paper the flood risk for Piotrówka river catchment has been identified by determining flooded areas and proposing a course of action to protect areas most vulnerable to a flood wave. Flood areas determined by the flow of the probability of occurrence of p = 1% (Qmax 1%) and maximal historical flow of the probability of occurrence of p = 0.04% (Qmax 0.04%) (that took place on 24th August 2005) have also been set. According to methodic given by Radczuk and al. [2001] the range of the areas has been established by determining the location of points of the highest water level on Włodzimierz Czamara, Czesława Rosik-Dulewska, Roman Lipka, Mirosław Wiatkowski 958 Środkowo-Pomorskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Ochrony Środowiska the cross-section of Piotrówka river channel. Flood area presented on topographic maps with the aid of Corel Draw 12.0 graphic program. Different options of flood protection, constituting proposals of solutions for the valley of Piotrówka river have been analyzed. What has been proposed: building of dikes, appropriate land use planning in flooded area, realisation of pondage program by the building of small reservoirs, but also agromelioration and reforestation in basin, introducing the Local Flood Warning System in order to increase of efficacy to warn off from flooding,implementation of mechanism of flood risk management according to Directive 2007/60/EC on the assessment and management of flood risks. These actions will enhance flood prevention and reduce negative consequences of inundation at the same time.
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