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Jakość wód podziemnych na obszarach rolniczych województwa mazowieckiego (na przykładzie zlewni górnej Wilgi)

Suchożebrski J.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2003

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Z. 1-2

33-44

EN

In agricultural regions in the Mazowieckie voivodeship, contamination of groundwater is one of most significant environmental problems. The paper presents results of analyses of the quality of groundwater in the upper part of the Wilga River basin (a right-hand confluent of the Vistula River). The catchment (study and experimental area of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management in Warsaw) was chosen for investigation due to a very good representativility for agriculture used areas in the Mazowieckie voivodeship. The samples were collected in winter 1999, spring and summer 2000. The results of analyses of the chemical composition of water, indicate that the quality of groundwater is mostly influenced by farming. The locally high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus derived from the point sources such as the leaking settling tanks (or their lack altogether), improper storage of manure, as well as inadequate management of other waste resulting from livestock husbandry.

2

O zasobach i niedoborach wodnych we wschodniej części województwa mazowieckiego (na przykładzie zlewni Wilgi)

Jaworski J., Krupa-Marchlewska J., Szkutnicki J.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2002

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Z. 3-4

225-240

EN

The paper deals with the problem of water resources and water deficiences in the eastern part of Mazowieckie Palatinate (on example of the Wilga River basin). The investigations were realized in the period 1976-1990. The Wilga River basin with an area of 231,6 km2, has mainly an agricultural character. Basing on results of experimental and theoretical investigations, the water resources (equal to the mean low river flow SNQ), the deficience of precipitation No, the soil moisture values in the upper layer of the aeration zone, the deficit or surplus of soil moisture and the soil drought periods were estimated. It was stated, that the precipitation deficit as well as the soil moisture deficience and soil drought play an important role in hydrology, because of the diminishing of water resources also in the saturation zone as a consequence of braking the filtration process in the direction of the ground water table and - last but not least - because of the reduction of the river flow in the basin. The largest soil water deficiences (-NZG) appeared mainly in June and July (-13,8 mm; -22,3 mm). One month later, in August - the least value of mean low river flow was noted (SNQ= 0,270 m3/s). In the investigated 15-years period intensive soil drought conditions during 14 years were noted. A significant influence of soil drought conditions on the hydrological processes - also on river flow - was stated. The investigations have shown, that the disposal water resources of the Wilga River (DZQ) could be used for irrigation purposes; in June an area of 500 ha, in July and August areas of 370 ha and 270 ha could be irrigated. Taking into account the large soil moisture deficits in the basin, these irrigations are urgently needed.

3

Obiektywne metody określania rozmiaru pola podstawowego w badaniach hydrologicznych

Suchożebrski J.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2001

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Z. 1-2

37-50

EN

In the geographic research, for example classification and mathematical modelling, division of the research area onto network of basic spatial units (quasi-homogenous) is applied. An often applied is division of research area onto regular geometric units. The question, which has not been solved yet, is a determination of an optimal size of a basic spatial units. Two objective methods of the research area division into the basic units network are presented in the paper. Górna Wilga watershed has been used for comparing effects of the watershed division on the basic fields, which are obtained from the geometrical and geostatistical methods. Application of the geometrical methods enables to obtain the optimal basic field size from in-formation on dimension of research area. This method can be used in the investigation in the regional scale, where researches and results are more generalised. Application of geostatistical methods (semivariance and nearest-neighbour analysis) enables to obtain the celi size of the quasi-homogenous fields' network from the spatial variability of environmental conditions and from the measure points localisation. Geostatistical methods can be used in the investigations on small areas (for example small watersheds), where the greater detailing of data and results is required.