Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Czy ciepło jest energią? Czym jest zimno?

Paliwoda Aleksander

Technika Chłodnicza i Klimatyzacyjna

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2019

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nr 8

264

PL

Klasyczna termodynamika utożsamiała pojęcie ciepła, pracy i energii. W świetle współczesnej interpretacji pojęcia te różnią się w formie i treści. Dawniejsze sformułowania uznano za nieścisłe, nie odpowiadające treści fizycznej tych pojęć, ponieważ ani ciepło ani praca nie stanowią energii pod żadną postacią. Jeżeli ciepło nie jest energią, to powstaje pytanie czym jest „zimno”?

EN

In the classical thermodynamics heat, work and energy were equated. In the modern approach these terms have different meaning. Their former definitions have been considered not accurate since neither heat nor work are not any form of energy. If the heat is not energy so what is the “cold”?

2

Charakterystyka kompleksowej metody oceny zagrożeń w środowisku termicznym

Marszałek A.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2015

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nr 7

12-15

PL

W artykule omówiono zasady oceny narażenia pracownika na zagrożenia w zimnym i gorącym środowisku. Przedstawiono sposób prowadzenia oceny zagrożeń na etapie ich identyfikacji, prowadzonej przy analizie ryzyka zawodowego. Wskazano zalety tej metody w procesie eliminacji lub ograniczania zagrożeń związanych ze środowiskiem zimnym i gorącym.

EN

This article discusses the principles of assessing exposure to risk related to the cold and hot environment. It presents a method of assessing risk a the stage of identifying hazards during risk analysis, and lists the advantages of this method in the process of eliminating or reducing risk associated with hot and cold environments.

3

The Use of Footwear Insulation Values Measured on a Thermal Foot Model

Kuklane K.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2004

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Vol. 10, No. 1

79--86

EN

The use of physiological data from human tests in modelling should consider background data, such as activity, environmental factors and clothing insulation on the whole body. The present paper focuses on local thermal comfort of feet with special attention on the effects of physical changes of footwear thermal properties. An alternative test method is available for footwear thermal testing besides the standard method. The possibility to use insulation values acquired on a thermal foot model in practice is shown here. The paper describes the correlation between cold and pain sensations, and foot skin temperatures of the subjects and relates these to insulation measured on a thermal foot model. Recommendations are made for footwear choice according to environmental temperature.

4

Effect of Footwear Insulation on Thermal Responses in the Cold

Kuklane K., Geng Q, Holmer I.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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1998

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Vol. 4, No. 2

137--152

EN

The influence of footwear insulation on foot skin temperature in the cold at low activity was investigated. Simultaneously, the thermal and pain sensations, and the influence of steel toe cap were studied. Eight participants were exposed for 85 min to 3 environmental temperatures ( + 3, - 12, and -25°C) wearing 5 different boots. Insulation of footwear was determined with a thermal foot model. The study showed the importance of insulation forkeeping feet warm. Other factors, such as wetness and vasomotor response, however, modified the thermal response. The most affected parts were toes and heels. Cold and pain sensations were connected with considerably lower temperatures in these local points. No significant differences were observed between boots with and without steel toe cap.