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Analysis of the possibility of increasing the tree cover of road lanes in old-town zones – legal considerations

Gryszpanowicz Piotr, Lisicka Aneta, Rymsza Barbara

Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty

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2024

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Vol. 23, no. 2

139--154

EN

The article presents an analysis and identification of obstacles and possibilities related to greening roadside strips in the old town areas of public roads. This encompasses issues such as existing legal regulations related to road greening, potential legal or administrative restrictions, as well as the prospective benefits and challenges associated with greening in the context of maintaining historic urban areas. The legal analysis also evaluates whether existing regulations are sufficient regarding roadside greening or if legal changes are necessary to facilitate introduction of related solutions. A detailed analysis was conducted using the example of a medium-sized Polish city – Płock. Additionally, the analysis includes a comparison with practices employed in other cities where roadside greening has been effectively implemented. Given the need to balance the preservation of cultural heritage with adaptation to contemporary needs, including “green urban planning”, this study and recommended regulatory changes may support implementation of further steps to increase greening while ensuring the safety of road users and taking into account the unique characteristics of old town areas.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę oraz identyfikację przeszkód i możliwości związanych z zadrzewieniem pasa drogowego w obszarach staromiejskich dróg publicznych. Dotyczy to zagadnień takich jak istniejące przepisy prawa związane z zadrzewieniem dróg, ewentualne ograniczenia prawne czy administracyjne, a także potencjalne korzyści i wyzwania związane z zazielenianiem, w kontekście utrzymania zabytkowych obszarów miejskich. Analiza prawna obejmuje również ocenę, czy istniejące regulacje są wystarczające w odniesieniu do zadrzewienia pasa drogowego, czy też konieczne są zmiany prawne mające ułatwić wprowadzanie takich rozwiązań. Przeanalizowano usytuowanie drzew w pasach drogowych w wielu krajach. Analizę szczegółową przeprowadzono na przykładzie polskiego miasta średniej wielkości – Płocka. W związku z tym, że w wypadku stref staromiejskich istnieje potrzeba zachowania równowagi między ochroną dziedzictwa kulturowego a dostosowywaniem do współczesnych potrzeb, w tym „zielonego planowania miejskiego”, poniższe opracowanie oraz rekomendacje zmian przepisów mogą pomóc we wdrożeniu kolejnych kroków mających na celu zwiększenie zadrzewienia przy zapewnieniu pełnego bezpieczeństwa uczestnikom ruchu i uwzględnieniu unikalnych cech obszarów staromiejskich.

2

Road-side herbaceous vegetation : life history groups and habitat preferences

Sera B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 1

69-79

EN

The study examine s the vegetation diversity (235 herbaceous species) in variable road-site types in terms of life history components (life traits) like life form, type of pollination, seed dispersal, spreading ability, life strategy according to Grime's classification, and in terms of habitat preferences using Ellenberg's indicator value (in relation to light, temperature, moisture, nitrogen, soil pH and soil salinity). Plants registered as alien species were evaluated also according to invasive status, level of abundance, introduction mode and land use habitat. Study localities (9 sites) were situated in the Ceskomoravska highlands and the South Bohemian regions (Czech Republic). The plant species were recorded in the bands (width in range of 1.5-3.0 m) along the verge of two types of roads (motorways with median stripes) and secondary roads (II and III classes). In total - road length of about 15 km and the total area of roadside vegetation of about 8 ha were surveyed. The annual/therophyte species with a tendency to seed dispersed by wind, preferring a light and dry habitat, and having the RC (competitiveruderal) life strategy were mainly found along the motorways. It means that road verges along motorways are quite insolated and constitute the dry habitats, probably suitable for ruderal, weedy, non-native, and invasive species. On the contrary, species with a tendency to vegetative reproduction and the C (competitive) strategy occur mainly along the secondary roads. It seems that the secondary roads are alternative habitats for grassland flora. Species occurred on the verges of the secondary roads do not belong to the particular group of the life traits. The salt tolerant species Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. was found along all types of roads. Almost 24% of all recorded herbaceous species growing in road-sites were alien species.

3

Floristic composition and environmental determinants of roadside vegetation in Northern England

Akbar K., Hale W., Headley A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 1

73-88

EN

The roadside vegetation in some counties of north England (north and west Yorkshire) was studied to determine the community structure according to the British National Vegetation Classification (NVC) and main environmental factors influencing its composition. The data from Phytosociological survey (699 quadrats) and from the physico-chemical analyses of 233 soil samples from 35 sites were obtained. Both the classification (TWINSPAN & MATCH) and ordination programs (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) were used. The roadside vegetation is mainly dominated by few grasses (Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Poa trivialis, Elymus repens, Holcus lanatus) and their associated herbs (Cirsium arvense, Heracleum sphondylium, Urtica dioica). Five NVC Mesotrophic grassland communities (Arrhenatheretum elatioris community MG1, Lolium perenne-Cynosurus cristatus grassland MG6, Lolium perenne leys MG7, Holcus lanatus- Deschampsia cespitosa grassland MG9, Festuca rubra-Agrostis stolonifera-Potentilla anserina grassland MG11) and one Upland Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Galium saxatile grassland, U4 were identified which in general, exhibited good fit with the typical NVC units. Altitude, pH, potassium, sodium and road age were found to be the main variables affecting the roadside vegetation. By relating the floristic composition with ecological characteristics of the roadside verges, three kinds of pattern of variation are observed. The first pattern is related to regional or geographical characteristics and the second pattern of variation exists across the width of the road verges showing a zonal pattern of plant distribution. The third scale of pattern is active at the local level including micro-environmental conditions, e.g., local edaphic variables.