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Exploring crisis governance: Quest for functional resilience during COVID-19 in Lithuania

Žilinskas Remigijus, Sakalauskas Leonidas

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2021

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Vol. 53, No. 4(202)

763--798

EN

An effective, timely managed and interoperable governance process and its adaptive features are of the utmost importance in dealing with any type of crisis at the state level. This article explores civil society actors’ engagement in Lithuania to identify the functional resilience level in crisis governance of COVID-19. Social capital and adaptive capacity approaches were employed for theoretical consideration and analysis. We hypothesise that linking social capital is more important for enhancing resilience at the beginning of the crisis, while adaptive capacity gains prominence during and after the crisis. Mixed analysis methods were used in gathering data through content analysis, surveys (standardised questionnaires) and interviews with experts from civic (voluntary and non-governmental) and public (local and central government) sectors. The findings provide novel insights into the importance of civil society actors’ engagement in bolstering functional resilience and embedment of a whole of society approach in crisis goverance during times of uncertainty.

PL

Skuteczny, terminowo realizowany, interoperatywny proces kierowania wraz ze swymi cechami adaptacyjnymi ma kluczowe znaczenie w zwalczaniu skutków każdego rodzaju kryzysu na poziomie państwa. Niniejszy artykuł analizuje zaangażowanie podmiotów społeczeństwa obywatelskiego na Litwie w celu określenia poziomu odporności funkcjonalnej w kierowaniu zarządzaniem kryzysowym związanym z COVID-19. Przedmiotem rozważań teoretycznych i analizy były podejścia oparte na kapitale społecznym i zdolnościach adaptacyjnych. Postawiliśmy hipotezę, że kapitał społeczny jest istotniejszy dla zwiększania odporności na początku kryzysu, natomiast zdolności adaptacyjne zyskują na znaczeniu w trakcie kryzysu oraz po jego zakończeniu. Zastosowano mieszane metody gromadzenia danych: analizę treści, ankiety (standaryzowane kwestionariusze), a także wywiady z ekspertami z sektora obywatelskiego (wolontariat i organizacje pozarządowe) oraz publicznego (władze lokalne i centralne). W wyniku badań uzyskano nowe informacje dotyczące znaczenia zaangażowania podmiotów społeczeństwa obywatelskiego we wzmacnianie odporności funkcjonalnej i osadzenia podejścia obejmującego całe społeczeństwo w kierowaniu zarządzaniem kryzysowym.

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Factors influencing behavioural intention to use MOOCs

Khalid Bilal, Lis Marcin, Chaiyasoonthorn Wornchanok, Chaveesuk Singha

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2021

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Vol. 13, no. 2

83--95

EN

This analysis aimed to investigate the factors influencing the behavioural intention to use Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in Thailand and Pakistan. The study was geared towards exploring the MOOCs, a relatively new technology platform allowing the spread of education and learning in various areas and fields and surpassing traditional online courses. The study adopted the UTAUT model with additional two variables of perceived autonomy and absorptive capacity. A quantitative method was applied using primary data collected from a sample of 490 and 513 respondents from Thailand and Pakistan, respectively. The sample size was composed of students in institutions of higher learning who were aware of MOOCs or intended to use them in their studies. The analysis was conducted using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and multi-group structural equation modelling (SEM). The study found that four variables (social influence, absorptive capacity, facilitating conditions and perceived autonomy) significantly influence the student intention to use MOOCs in Thailand and Pakistan. However, two variables (performance expectancy and effort expectancy) did not influence the student intention to use MOOCs in Thailand and Pakistan. The results indicated that the findings between the two countries were invariant. This study extended the model by Venkatesh et al. (2003), including two additional variables, the perceived autonomy and absorptive capacity. The study indicated various aspects related to the response of students using MOOCs. This study is especially beneficial during the COVID-19 pandemic for determining factors that officials of higher institutions of learning should consider when implementing MOOCs and associated online learning programs to deliver quality education to students.

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The Effects of Elevation on the Morpho-Anatomical and Ecological Traits in Cyclamen coum subsp. coum Mill. Populations in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey in Contrasting Habitats

Özbucak T. B., Polat G., Akçın Ö. E., Kutbay H. G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 2

211--226

EN

The differences in morpho-anatomical, ecological and biochemical traits of Cyclamen coum subsp. coum, threatened plant listed in CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora) have been investigated in the central Black Sea region of Turkey in the context of its distribution at different altitudes. We found that shoot length, bulb width, leaf width and length, number of branches and flowers were significantly different along elevation gradient, whereas length of tubers, number of living and dead leaves, number of nodes, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf mass area (LMA) values, did not differ significantly, PCA analysis revealed that leaf length and width, the number of branches, soil organic matter content and available potassium concentration and N concentrations of above and belowground parts and reproductive effort (RE3) played significant role in differentiation of the studied populations, while several other studied factor were found not significant. The reproductive effort of individuals from the sea level was higher. We suggest that significant differences in the studied traits may indicate the ecotypic differentiation among populations.