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1 Journal of Technical Physics

1 2007

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A method of impact and inertia force reduction during collisions between physical objects. Results of experimental investigations

Gomuła S., Łągiewka L.

Journal of Technical Physics

2007

Vol. 48, no 1

13-27

The paper outlines the operation principles and the results of testing of one of the available versions of the energy accumulation and diffusion converter, known as EADC. The device allows for rapid braking of vehicles to protect physical objects from collisions, at the same time reducing the inertia forces associated with the processes. The major components of an EADC device in the form of a bumper include a pneumatic accumulator with the reverse motion lock, a rack mechanism converting the progressive motion into the rotational motion, a gear and a mechanical rotary accumulator. During collisions, the EADC device (and more specifically - the pneumatic accumulator) will hit the obstacle first. The braking distance and time are increased whilst the maximal impact force is reduced and some portion of energy of the colliding object can be thus absorbed. While absorbing this energy, the pneumatic accumulator will activate the rack. The motion of the rack helps to increase the braking distance and time, at the same time the gear transmits energy to a mechanical accumulator via a gear. Application of a gear enables the energy transfer with much lower forces. A rotary accumulator absorbs, stores and then disperses the accumulated energy. Energy dispersion takes more time than the collision itself. When the energy ceases to flow, all interacting elements are disconnected. When an EADC device is incorporated, the braking distance and braking time during collisions are increased; furthermore, the moving object imparts its kinetic energy to accumulators, thus preventing the conversion of this energy into the destructive work. Design parameters of EADC devices should be precisely controlled so that the whole energy of the moving object should be absorbed during collisions. If EADC fails to absorb the whole energy of the moving object during a collision, the object will hit the obstacle, but the impact energy will be less by that absorbed by accumulators. The paper summarises the results of experimental tests run on a real object (a passenger vehicle) with the mass of 1100 kg. The vehicle hits an immobile obstacle attached to the ground. The measured and registered parameters were: piston motion in a pneumatic accumulator, distances in the function of time, velocity and deceleration of the object during the collision, impact forces in the function of time, gravity load (inertia force) in the object and rotational speed of a rotor in a mechanical accumulator. Incorporation of an EADC device led to a significant reduction of the maximum impact force and inertia force generated during a collision, as compared to the force values registered in vehicles without such devices.