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1

Zawartość miedzi i cynku w surowcu i produktach ziemniaczanych różnego pochodzenia

Dobrzański Z., Wiliczkiewicz A., Barej R., Różański H., Górecki H., Opaliński S.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

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T. 95, nr 4

847--850

PL

Wykonano analizy zawartości miedzi i cynku w surowcu ziemniaczanym: nieobieranych, obieranych i gotowanych ziemniakach pochodzenia krajowego (z terenów przemysłowych, podmiejskich i rolniczych) oraz pochodzących z rejonu Morza Śródziemnego. Zawartość Cu i Zn była większa w surowcu krajowym niż zagranicznym. Proces obierania wpływał na obniżenie zawartości tych pierwiastków o 11–13%, a proces gotowania o 18–20%. Zróżnicowane było stężenie Cu i Zn w przetworach (skrobia ziemniaczana, frytki, chipsy, prażynki).

EN

Samples of potatoes from 6 various regions from Poland and 6 Mediterranean regions were studied for Cu and Zn content as received and after peeling and cooking. Some com. Domestic products of their processing (pommes frites, chips with onion or paprika, potato flour) were also studied. The domestic raw potatoes showed higher Cu and Zn contents than the foreign ones. The peeling and cooking potatoes resulted in substantial decrease of the contents. The Zn/Cu ratio was 2.30–2.54 in the raw potatoes but only 1.31 in the potato flour.

2

Monitoring the changes in total contents of manganese, copper and zinc in soils from long-term stationary experiments

Škarpa P.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2011

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Vol. 5, No. 2

453--459

EN

The objective of the long-term stationary experiment was to discover the effect of the year, production region, soil kind and soil type on total contents of micronutrients (Mn, Cu and Zn) in the soils. In the years 1982 to 1998 the soil was sampled in 7 selected localities. Analyses and extractions determining the total content of metals were carried out by means of mineralization in the HF-H2O2-HNO3 open system. The AAS method was used to determine the contents of the micronutrients. The content of manganese ranged between 296.2 and 978.6; copper between 6.1 and 25.7 and zinc between 29.5 and 99.8 mg·kg–1 of soil. During the experimental period 1982-1998 the total content of Mn and Zn decreased (by 7.9 and 3.6%, respectively), but was not statistically significant (p < 0.05). During the 15 years of the experiment the total amount of copper in the soil increased by 7.0%. In comparison with the potato growing region the contents of all the micronutrients in the sugar-beet growing region were higher. The highest and statistically highly significant difference (p < 0.001) was that of copper (45.6% increase). In terms of the soil kind the lowest contents of Mn and Cu were monitored on light soil. The total content of zinc on light soil and medium-heavy soil was comparable. With an increasing proportion of clay particles in the soil the contents of the micronutrients increased significantly (p < 0.001). In comparison with light soil, in heavy soil the contents of the metals increased; Mn by 38.9; Cu by 48.2 and Zn by 19.4%. The levels of Cu and Zn were also affected by the soil type. The contents of these micronutrients were statistically (p < 0.001) the highest in chernozem (24.6 and 71.1 mg·kg–1 of soil, respectively). The content of Mn was the highest in brown soil (714.3 mg·kg–1 of soil). Graded rates of fertilisers did not have a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the total contents of metals. The differences were more marked in the treatment where liming was not carried out; here we monitored the greatest decrease in the contents of Mn, Cu and Zn, ie by 7.3, 23.8 and 9.4%, respectively, compared with the control.

3

Analizy przestrzenne z zastosowaniem metod geostatystycznych (Modelowanie 3D porfirowego złoża miedzi Rio Blanko w Peru)

Namysłowska-Wilczyńska B.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2007

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T. 5, z. 1

91-103

EN

Research methods for geostatistical spatial analyses are presented on the example of the results of 3D modelling of deposit data. The variation in the parameters of the Rio Blanco porphyritic copper deposit in Peru was investigated. Copper and molybdenum grades, deposit thickness and copper accumulation averages Z* were estimated and quantity of the copper deposit.s reserves was calculated. Geostatistical methods, i.e. variogram and covariance functions and the ordinary (block) kriging technique, were used to estimate averages Z*. Spatial analyses drew from a large database (n = 5121 samples), containing values of coordinates X, Y and Z (depth ordinate) and Cu and Mo content and deposit thickness determinations for 104 boreholes distributed over the deposit area. In addition, databases with assumed three cut-off values of Cu content, i.e. 0.7% Cu (n = 1903 samples), 0.5% Cu (n = 2905 samples) and 0.3% Cu (n = 4011 samples), were used in the geostatistical studies. The isotropic empirical variograms and covariograms of the deposit.s parameters were computed. Then a 3D analysis of the directional empirical variograms and covariograms, computed along 4 regular directions in the reference plane and perpendicularly to this plane, was carried out. These variograms and covariograms were calculated for a slicing height of 7.97 m. Then, averages Z* and standard estimation deviation ók of the above parameters were estimated in 3D for the considered deposit series and the cut-off values of Cu content, taking into account different spatial copper ore specific weight. The estimation was based on the results of modelling empirical covariograms by means of theoretical functions. The estimated averages Z* of the deposit parameters were presented in the form of raster maps for selected deposit (porphyritic rocks) layers at depth levels: of 10, 15, 25, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55, 65, 75 within the 1935-2685 m vertical profile interval. As a result of the spatial analyses, a 3D geostatistical model of the Rio Blanco porphyritic copper deposit.s parameter variation was obtained.

4

The effect of copper concentration on the microstructure of Al-Si-Cu alloys

Maniara R., Dobrzański L. A., Krupiński M., Sokołowski J. H.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 7, iss. 2

119-124

EN

In the metal casting industry, an improvement of component quality depends mainly on better control over the production parameters. In order to gain a better understanding of how to control the as-cast microstructure, it is important to understand the evaluation of microstructure during solidification and understanding how influence the changes of chemical concentration on this microstructure. In this research, the effect of Cu content on the microstructure and solidification parameters of Al-Si-Cu alloys has been investigated. Thus, the thermal analysis of the alloys is used to control of aluminum casting process. The effect of different Cu content on solidification parameters such: aluminum dendrites nucleation temperature (TLiq, Liquidus temperature), á+â eutectic nucleation temperature (TE(Al+Si)N), Cu-rich eutectic nucleation temperature (TAl+Cu), solidus temperature (Tsol), solidification range (ÄTs) has been studied in liquidus region. Influence of Cu content on the microstructure has been carried out. The principle observation made from this work ware that as copper concentration is increased the liquidus and solodius temperature decried. In addition to this it was observed that increase a Cu content from 1 to 4 wt % caused reduce of the secondary dendrite arm spacing and increase the grain size.

5

Effect of abiotic environment on Cu content in soil on the example of an urbanized area

Żychowski J.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2006

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Vol. 13, nr 6

591-596

EN

This paper presents special distribution of copper in soil in geographically differentiated area of Bochnia. It was found that in this area the average copper content was untypical in comparison with other regions. The higher contents Cu but contained in standard, were found near communication lines. The change of contents in this element was found with the distance from the street. The influence of wind direction speed and land morphology on content of Cu was shown. It was proved that local barriers like forests or dense development are important for pollution displacement. Attention was also paid to lack of Cooper amount in housing estates in the centre of dense development. In this part of Bochnia the lawns are not fertilized, but the grass is often cut and the green mass is carried away outside the lawn.

PL

Badano przestrzenną zmienność zawartości miedzi w glebie w zróżnicowanym środowisku geograficznym Bochni. Stwierdzono dużą zależność zawartości Cu, nie tylko od właściwości gleby, ale także od środowiska geograficznego. Zawartość Cu w pobliżu dróg były większa i zależała od kierunków przeważających wiatrów i morfologii terenu. Zauważono, że depozycja zanieczyszczeń ma miejsce przed lasem albo przed zwartą zabudową. Natomiast względnie małe zawartości Cu oznaczono na osiedlowych trawnikach i w centrum miasta. W tych miejscach trawa jest często koszona i usuwana.

6

Analiza przestrzenna zawartości miedzi w środowisku gruntowo-wodnym Legnicko-Głogowskiego Okręgu Miedziowego

Namysłowska-Wilczyńska B., Pyra J.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2005

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T. 3, z. 4

137-147

EN

The paper presents the results of the application of geostatistical methods to the spatial analysis of the variation of Cu content in the soil-water environment of the Legnica-Głogów Copper District . an industrial area with the predominance of copper ore mining and smelting in the industrial mix. Semivariogram function analysis, ordinary kriging and kriging with external drift, were used to analyse the environmental conditions. The comprehensive set of soil Cu content data was characterized by a large number of samples (n = 908) uniformly covering the area of LGCD. The data were the determinations of the Cu content in the near-surface layer of soil. The empirical Cu content semivariograms were approximated by the spherical model, the exponential model and the linear model combined with the nugget effect. Cu content averages Z were estimated at 6120 nodes of an elementary grid using ordinary (point) kriging. The elementary field dimensions were 1km´1km. The data sets for underground waters were based on a much smaller sample size (n = 31). The information, on Cu content, was collected from a network of piezometers and wells irregularly located over the analysed area. Similarly as for soil, semivariograms were computed for the Cu content in underground waters. Then the semivariograms were approximated by the spherical model and the linear model with the nugget effect. Taking into account the parameters values of the theoretical models fitted to the semivariograms, averages Z of the Cu content in the waters at 6120 nodes of the same elementary grid as the one adopted for soil were estimated using ordinary kriging. Then kriging with external drift was applied to estimate underground waters Cu content averages Z*. The data from the preceding ordinary kriging computations, i.e. estimated averages Z of the Cu content in the surface layer of soil, were used. The raster maps of the distributions of averages Z, i.e. the kriged estimates of soil contamination with Cu, constituted the background (external drift) used for the more accurate computation of underground waters Cu content averages Z The detailed analysis of the different factors which affect the spatial distribution of the elements content in the environment, such as the geological structure of the subsoil and the surface formations, the environment.s pH, the atmospheric factors and the effects of the mining and smelting operations, made it possible to determine more precisely the genesis of the analysed elements content in the natural environment and to classify it as pollution or natural geochemical enrichments.

7

Porównanie oznaczania zawartości miedzi w jej stopach metodą kalorymetryczną i metodą elektrolityczną

Kazubowski R.

Dozór Techniczny

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2004

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z. 3

70--72

8

Ocena jakości produktu przy pomocy metod bayesowskich na przykładzie złoża "Rudna"

Niedoba T.

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2003

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nr S. 3

134-140

PL

W referacie przedstawiono próbę opisu zastosowania metody bayesowskiej do wyznaczania średniej zawartości miedzi w nadawie na przykładzie złoża "Rudna". Rozkład a priori zmiennej losowej opisującej procentową zawartość miedzi wyprowadzono na podstawie danych geologicznych dotyczących składu litologicznego złoża. Do określenia wielkości odchylenia standardowego użyto metod bootstrapowych. Zawartość średnia uzyskana metodą bayesowską może być zastosowana przy określeniu bilansu produkcji.

EN

In the paper the attempt of the description of the using of Bayesian methods to the mean cuprum content in the feed' determining is presented in the example of ,,Rudna" deposit. The distribution a priori of the random variable describing the percentage content of the cuprum is done in the base of geological data of litological composition of the deposit. To determine the quantity of the standard deviation the bootstrap methods were used. The mean content obtained by the Bayesian method may be used to determine the production balance.

9

Comparison of Trace Elements Accumulation Ability of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Grown in Natural and Artificial Conditions

Wiśniowska-Kielian B.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2002

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Vol. 9, nr 4

473-481

EN

Results of investigation of trace elements accumulation in tobacco plant grown in vegetation hall and in field conditions on the acid soils with natural trace element contents were presented. Tobacco cultivated in the vegetation hall contained more Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb than when grown in the field, similar amounts of Fe but less Mn. At both sites tobacco accumulated the most of Fe in roots, Mn, Zn and Cd in leaves and Cu in the inflorescence. In the field conditions the highest content of Pb were found in roots, whereas in the hall in leaves. Bioaccumulation coefficients of Cd, Zn and Mn in tobacco from both sites had the highest values for leaves and Cu for inflorescence, and Fe for roots of field grown tobacco. AIso the Zn and Cu contents in the other parts of the plant and Mn in inflorescence from both sites, Cd in the field grown tobacco and Cd in the inflorescence of plants cultivated in the hall exceeded their soil levels. StaIks of the field grown tobacco also had higher Mn contents than the soil. On the contrary, tobacco tops from both sites contained below 5 and 25 times less Fe, and all plants parts had 2 to 6 times less Pb than the soil. Translocation coefficient shows that the plants from both sites transported Mn, Zn and Cd to a greater degree from roots to leaves and Cu to inflorescence, whereas it is true for Pb only in the plants grown in the hall.

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań akumulacji pierwiastków śladowych w roślinie tytoniu uprawianego w hali wegetacyjnej i w warunkach polowych na glebach kwaśnych o naturalnej zawartości pierwiastków śladowych. Tytoń uprawiany w hali wegetacyjnej zawierał więcej Zn, Cu, Cd i Pb niż ten uprawiany w polu, podobną ilość Fe, a mniej Mn. Tytoń z obu miejsc gromadził więcej Fe w korzeniach, Mn, Zn i Cd w liściach, a Cu w kwiatostanach. W warunkach polowych największą zawartość Pb stwierdzono w korzeniach, a w hali - w liściach. Współczynnik bioakumulacji Cd, Zn i Mn w tytoniu z obu miejsc uprawy przybierał najwyższe wartości dla liści oraz Cu dla kwiatostanów, zaś Fe dla korzeni tytoniu uprawianego w polu. Także zawartość Zn i Cu w pozostałych częściach rośliny i Mn w kwiatostanach z obu miejsc uprawy, Cd w tytoniu z uprawy polowej i Cd w kwiatostanach roślin uprawianych w hali przekraczała ich poziomy w glebie. Łodygi tytoniu uprawianego w polu też miały większą zawartość Mn niż gleba. Przeciwnie, części nadziemne tytoniu z obu miejsc zawierały od poniżej 5 do 25 razy mniej Fe, a wszystkie części roślin miały 2 do 6 razy mniej Pb niż gleba. Współczynniki translokacji wskazują, że rośliny z obu miejsc przemieszczają Mn, Zn Cd w większym stopniu z korzeni do liści oraz Cu do kwiatostanów, a w przypadku Pb ma to miejsce tylko dla roślin uprawianych w hali.