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Karborany i metalokarborany. Część 1, Karborany

Olejniczak A.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2004

[Z] 58, 11-12

895--913

Polyhedral clusters containing boron, alone or in combination with other elements, have been know for nearly a century and intensive studies of their structures, bonding, and reactivity have been under way for more than half that period. Carboranes are boron cage system in which one or more carbon atoms belong as an integral part to an electron-delocalized borane framework. The term "carboranes" includes both closed polyhedral and open-cage structures. Polyhedral carboranes of general formula C2Bn-1Hn have been characterized from n=2 to n=12. One of the most striking features of the carboranes is the capability of the two carbon atoms and ten boron atoms to adopt the icosahedral geometry in which the carbon and boron atoms are hexacoordinate. This feature of the icosahedral structure gives rise to the unusual properties of these molecules and their derivatives. Because of their unique physical and chemical properties, carboranes have been used to prepare catalysts, radiopharmaceuticals, polymers and an assortment of coordination compounds and materials for nanotechnology. The medicinal chemistry of carboranes is centered on their use in boron neutron capture therapy of tumors (BNCT).