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1 2011

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Zastosowania enzymów z tkanek zwierzęcych w syntezie organicznej i biokatalizie. Część I. Hydrolazy

Hibner H., Ostaszewski R.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2011

[Z] 65, 7-8

557-583

This work presents systematically enzymes which can be obtained form animal tissue and their applications in synthesis of pharmaceuticals and nonracemic organic compounds. It lays out similarities in procedures of isolation and purification of particular enzymes. Such procedures usually are so simple that they can be used in every industrial or research laboratory. Most animal enzymes are well-investigated and their structures and substrate specificity are known. They are used as biocatalysts in many chemical processes. Others were used in one or a few reactions but their natural substrates and biochemical properties are described. Trials of predicting potential applications of such enzymes and other substrates for them were done. In this part typical applications of hydrolases: lipases (porcine pancreatic lipase [8–17], lamb pregastric lipase [22]), esterases (porcine, horse liver esterase, liver acetone powders [34–43, 46]), L-aminoacylase [48, 49], pepsin [56], trypsin [58, 59], imidase [52, 53], aldohexose hydrolases [60, 62-64], nucleotide pyrophosphatase [65]; were described. Also examples of immobilized [10, 32] or recombined [49] enzymes are given in the text. These modifications enhance catalytic properties or reduce costs of using enzymes. In practical applications a biocatalytic effect of enzymes from animal sources is often compared with microbial ones. This text is focused on processes where animal enzymes gave much better results (yield and enantioselectivity) than microorganisms. They are also proper, unlike whole microorganisms, to investigate and computer analysis of mechanism of the reaction. Enzymes isolated from animal tissues usually have well-defined structure of active site which is a key to predict mechanisms.