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Zastosowania biologiczne tetrazoli i ich pochodnych

Olszewska A., Strzempek W.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2018

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[Z] 72, 3-4

207--228

EN

Due to the wide range of applications of tetrazoles, in recent years the number of publications and patents describing the synthesis, structural and physicochemical studies of compounds that contain tetrazole fragments in their structure has increased significantly [1]. Tetrazoles are unique compounds containing some of the most electron deficient aromatic rings so that they have one of the highest electron affinity [3]. They also have a whole range of coordination possibilities from simple monodentate ligands to complex polymer systems in which several of nitrogen atoms per tetrazole molecule are involved in the metal coordination. The presence of the metal allows a much wider application, combining the simple geometries and properties of organic compounds with the wealth of structure and properties of the metals. The discussed heterocyclic compounds are not only the most modern high energetic materials for military purposes [5], but also fungicides [6], herbicides [7], a promising component in many modern therapies [8] and drugs [11] (e.g. derivatives of indomethacin, drug for arthritis [1]). One of the most important fields in which tetrazoles and their derivatives are widely used is medicinal chemistry. Because of their high physiological activity and low toxicity, they are versatile in both biochemical and pharmaceutical applications [9]. Moreover, different compounds containing tetrazoles have antimicrobial (Fig. 1) [11, 13–17], antifungal (Fig. 2) [18–20], antiparasitic (Fig. 13–16) [34–36], antivirus (Fig. 17–19) [37–41], analgesic and anti-inflammatory (Fig. 3, 4) [17, 21–24], anti-epileptic, anticonvulsant (Fig. 10–13) [30–33], antihypertensive, antitumor (Fig. 5–9) [25–29], antidiabetic and other properties [12]. This article is a review of the selected tetrazoles and their derivatives in terms of their biological applications.

2

Magnetic leakage flux replication in power transformer rooms for biological experiments

Antunes C.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2010

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R. 86, nr 12

1-4

EN

In this paper it is presented a software optimization and simulation tool for the replication of the ELF Magnetic field outside the transformer cells of a common Power Transformer Room. The magnetic leakage flux density is to be replicated in a plane inside a cube box made of insulator material with 6 Coils, each to be placed on the facets. The coils are designed using a genetic algorithm that calculates the radius, number of turns, current and centre and are allowed to have different geometric configurations and electrical state.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia oprogramowanie i narzędzie do symulacji dla replikacji pola magnetycznego ELF, występującego na zewnątrz celki transformatorowej w stacji transformatorowej. Strumień magnetyczny rozproszenia ma być replikowany wewnątrz sześciennej kostki wykonanej z izolacyjnego materiału z sześcioma cewkami na ścianach. Cewki zostały zaprojektowane poprzez użycie algorytmu genetycznego, który oblicza promień, liczbę zwojów i położenie oraz dopuszcza różne konfiguracje geometryczne i stany elektryczne.

3

Identifiability and estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters for the ligands of the macrophage mannose receptor

Verdiere N., Denis-Vidual L, Joly-Blanchard G., Domurado D.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2005

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Vol. 15, no 4

517-526

EN

The aim of this paper is numerical estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters of the ligands of the macrophage mannose receptor, without knowing a priori the values of these parameters. However, it first requires a model identifiability analysis, which is done by applying an algorithm implemented in a symbolic computation language. It is shown that this step can lead to a direct numerical estimation algorithm. In this way, a first estimate is computed from noisy simulated observations without a priori parameter values. Then the resulting parameter estimate is improved by using the classical least-squares method.