Common analytical assessment methods for concrete dams are unlikely to predict material fracture in the dam body because of the assumption of rigid body behavior and uniform- or linear stress distribution along a predetermined failure surface. Hence, probabilistic non-linear finite element analysis, calibrated from scale model tests, was implemented in this study to investigate the impact of concrete material parameters (modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, compressive strength, fracture energy) on the ultimate capacity of scaled model dams. The investigated dam section has two types of large asperities, located near the downstream and/or upstream end of the rock-concrete interface. These large-scale asperities significantly increased the interface roughness. Post-processing of the numerical simulations showed interlocking between the buttress and the downstream asperity leading to fracture of the buttress with the capacity being determined mainly by the tensile strength of the buttress material. The capacity of a model with an asperity near the upstream side, with lower inclination, was less dependent on the material parameters of the buttress as failure occurred by sliding along the interface, even with inferior material parameters. Results of this study show that material parameters of the concrete in a dam body can govern the load capacity of the dam granted that significant geometrical variations in the rock-concrete interface exists. The material parameters of the dam body and their impact on the capacity with respect to the failure mechanism that developed for some of the studied models are not commonly considered to be decisive for the load capacity. Also, no analytical assessment method for this type of failure exists. This implies that common assessment methods may misjudge the capacity and important parameters for certain failure types that may develop in dams.
An elaborate safety assessment of the Pine Flat (PF) concrete gravity dam (CGD) has been conducted in this paper. Structural analysis was performed by taking into account the uncertainties in the physical and mechanical properties of the dam body materials and the reservoir water level. The coefficient of variation of 5 and 10 percent and the Gaussian distribution (GAUS) are assigned to random variables (RVs). Sensitivity analysis (SA) of the RVs is done, and important parameters introduced. SA is done to identify the most influential RVs on the structural response. Also, the modulus of elasticity of concrete is the most effective parameter in response to horizontal deformation of the dam crest. The concrete density and US hydrostatic pressure height are the most effective parameters, and the Poisson's ratio is the insignificant parameter on the dam response. To be confident in the safety of the dam body under usual loading, including the dam weight and the upstream (US) hydrostatic pressure, the reliability index (RI) has been obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. The RI for the coefficients of variation of 5 and 10 percent were obtained at 4.38 and 2.47, respectively. If the dispersion of RVs is high, then the dam will be at risk of failure.
The safety of concrete dams, such as gravity dams, buttress dams, and arch dams, is directly related to not only its social and economic benefits, but also the personal and property safety of residents around the reservoir area. Therefore, it is of great importance to monitor the health of concrete dams using the obtained real-time information. In this paper, reviewed using an automatic wireless sensor monitoring system for temperature and humidity monitoring within concrete structures and A Real-Time Temperature Data Transmission Approach for Intelligent Cooling Control of Mass Concrete by using temperature sensors in arch dam. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) aims to develop automated systems for the continuous monitoring, inspection, and damage detection of structures with minimum labour involvement.
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Deterministic analysis does not provide a comprehensive model for concrete dam response under multi-hazard risk. Thus, the use of probabilistic approach is usually recommended which is problematic due to high computational demand. This paper presents a simplified reliability analysis framework for gravity dams subjected to flooding, earthquakes, and aging. A group of time-variant degradation models are proposed for different random variables. Response of the dam is presented by explicit limit state functions. The probability of failure is directly computed by either classical Monte Carlo simulation or the refined importance sampling technique. Next, three machine learning techniques (i.e., K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, and naive Bayes classifier) are adopted for binary classification of the structural results. These methods are then demonstrated in terms of accuracy, applicability and computational time for prediction of the failure probability. Results are then generalized for different dam classes (based on the height-to-width ratio), various water levels, earthquake intensity, degradation rate, and cross-correlation between the random variables. Finally, a sigmoid-type function is proposed for analytical calculation of the failure probability for different classes of gravity dams. This function is then specialized for the hydrological hazard and the failure surface is presented as a direct function of the dam's height and width.
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This paper presents the results and the process of numerical analysis of a selected section of the concrete dam in Rożnów. The calculations were carried out for two different variants: the gravity section and the buttress section. The effects of the geometry on the temperature distribution inside the section, and the effect of the temperature on displacements, were examined.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki i proces analizy numerycznej dla wybranej sekcji zapory betonowej w Rożnowie. Obliczenia przeprowadzono dla dwóch różnych wariantów, dla sekcji ciężkiej i półciężkiej, sprawdzając wpływ geometrii na warunki temperaturowe, rozkład temperatury wewnątrz sekcji oraz ich wpływ na przemieszczenia.
Multivariate techniques are used in this study to analyze the monitoring data displacements of a concrete dam, measured by means of pendulums, extensometer bases and multiple rod extensometers, taking into account the action of environmental conditions, bounded by the surface temperature of the concrete at ambient temperature and the tank water level. The canonical correlation analysis is used to evaluate the influence of environmental variables in the displacement of structures and dam foundations. The factor analysis is used to identify data sources of variability and order the sensors according to the action of factors. The dates of the measurements are grouped according to similarities in the present observations, by applying the cluster analysis. Then the discriminant analysis is used to assess the groups as to their homogeneity. The results demonstrate that the techniques used for distinguishing the dam responses and identify the effects of changes in environmental conditions on the displacements of the structures and dam foundations.
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W artykule przedstawiono problemy wykonawcze związane z odbudową zapory na rzece Witka w Niedowie. Skoncentrowano się na opisie realizowanych badań mieszanki betonowej oraz betonu na budowie i w laboratorium. Dodatkowo zaprezentowano główne problemy dotyczące doradztwa naukowego.
EN
In the paper the executive problems connected with the reconstruction of the dam on Witka river in Niedów. Due to the scientific supervision provided by authors the investigations on concrete mixture and concrete in the site and laboratory were described. Additionally, the main problems concerning scientific advisory were presented.
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Wznoszenie masywnych zapór wodnych zapoczątkowano w starożytnej Mezopotamii i na Bliskim Wschodzie. Pierwszym zaporom stabilność zapewniała ich ogromna masa. Obecnie zapory są kotwione do podłoża kotwami dużej mocy. Rozwiązanie takie zapewnia stabilność zapór przy zmniejszonej ich masywności. W artykule, na przykładzie wzmocnienia zapory Eder w Niemczech, przedstawiono system sprężania zapór wodnych oraz wynikające z tego korzyści.
EN
Erection of dams was initiated in the ancient Mesopotamia and in the Middle East. The stability of the first dams was achieved by the large mass of masonry and concrete material. The development of ground anchoring system enabled post-tensioning of the dams. The dam stability is ensured with reduced material mass. This paper present the example of Eder Dam (Germany) strengthening with prestressing tendons and derived advantages from prestressing.
Przedstawiono analizę wykorzystania wyników modelowania metodą elementów skończonych (MES) pracy konstrukcji zapory betonowej dla potrzeb modernizacji sieci kontrolnej. Został omówiony scenariusz obliczeń, tarowanie modelu numerycznego na podstawie analizy wstecz i analizy wyników. Do obliczeń wykorzystano dane z obserwacji przemieszczeń na rzeczywistym obiekcie hydrotechnicznym.
EN
The paper presents an analysis of application of the FEM (finite elements method) results of concrete dam construction work modeling in control network modernisation. !t discusses the scenario of calculations, taring of the numerical model on the basis of a backward analysis and the analysis of results. Calculations used data from observation of actual hy-drotechnical structure displacements.
The paper presents analysis of possibilities to utilise results of modelling the work of concrete dam construction elements, obtained by means of the finite elements method (FEM), for the needs of modernisation of a control network. Such analysis should answer the question, whether - basing on the results of modelling with the use of currently controlled points of the object, as the network nodes, and pointing to zones (locations) of threats - it will be possible to formulate recommendations concerning the improvement of a set of controlled points and to perform related modifications of the existing control network.
W referacie zaproponowano metodykę wyznaczania charakterystyk dynamicznych zapór betonowych lub ziemnych oraz wskazano konieczność podjęcia dalszych badań uwzględniających wymuszenie drgań.
EN
Estimation of free vibrations for chosen earth dams was presented in the paper. Further similar research including special excitation of vibration is planed for earth dams with core.
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W poniższym artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie metody tomografii sejsmicznej do badania niejednorodności oraz monitorowania zmian, jakie zachodzą w wyniku wzmacniania stwierdzonych w badanej przestrzeni stref anomalnych (osłabionych). Prezentowane wyniki uzyskane zostały z prześwietlań korpusu zapory betonowej w Wapiennicy, które realizowano w wybranym bloku korpusu przed i po pracach remontowych. Omówiono zastosowanie tomografii prędkościowej i tomografii tłumienia w monitorowaniu efektywności prac remontowych oraz porównano rezultaty uzyskiwane dla obu odmian metody.
EN
Possibility of use of seismic velocity and attenuation tomography measurements to diagnosis of anomaly zones of concrete dams has been discussed in this paper. Some examples of the correlation and differences between velocity and attenuation tomography are presented. Results of tomography measurements, obtained for the concrete dam in Wapiennica, are shown in form of distribution maps of the P-wave velocity and attenuation coefficients. Repetition of tomographic measurements in the same geometry can supply useful information on changes of the integrity of concrete dams.
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