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1
Content available remote Okap dachu z dobrze wykonaną wentylacją pokrycia
PL
Materiały budowlane absorbują kapilarnie wilgoć, gdy mają z nią bezpośrednią styczność. W artykule przedstawiono analizę statyczną mocowania zabezpieczających barier w uszkodzonych loggiach budynków 5-kondygnacyjnych, wykonanych w technologii uprzemysłowionej z elementami technologii tradycyjnej, zrealizowanych w latach osiemdziesiątych XX w. Źle wyprofilowane zabezpieczenie połączenia elementów stalowych balustrad z konstrukcją murową wielokrotnie jest głównym transporterem wody w strukturę muru, a co za tym idzie powoduje pogorszenie parametrów wytrzymałościowych i statycznych zaprojektowanych połączeń. W analizie wytrzymałościowej przedstawiono wykorzystanie programów MES oraz role poprawnie przeprowadzonych badań in situ.
EN
Building materials absorb moisture by capillary action when in direct contact with it. The article presents a static analysis of fastening of protective barriers in damaged logs of 5-storey buildings, made in industrialized technology with elements of traditional technology, implemented in the 1980s. Badly profiled protection of the connection of steel railings with the masonry structure, many times it is the main transport of water into the wall structure and thus causes deterioration of the strength and static parameters of the designed connections. The use of MES programs and the roles of correctly conducted In situ tests were presented in the strength analysis.
PL
Obecnie stosowane systemy zamocowań w konstrukcjach betonowych można podzielić na te, które są wykonane w trakcie betonowania konstrukcji, oraz na zamocowania w gotowych podłożach. Najczęściej stosowane są łączniki rozporowe, tworzywowo-metalowe oraz wklejane. Ich konstrukcja umożliwia przenoszenie obciążeń rozciągających, ścinających i złożonych. Łączniki te są tak zaprojektowane, by przez cały zamierzony czas użytkowania spełniały swoje zadania w zakresie użytkowalności, nośności i stateczności, bez istotnego obniżenia swojej przydatności oraz nadmiernych, nieprzewidzianych kosztów eksploatacji.
EN
Currently used fixture systems in concrete constructions can be divided into fixtures performed during concreting of construction and fixtures in finished substrates. The most common are universal sleeve anchors, plastic-and-metal anchors as well as inserted anchors. Their construction makes it possible to transfer tensile, cut and complex loads. These connectors are designed in such a way so as to fulfil their tasks in the scope of usability, load-bearing capacity and stability, without significant reduction of their usefulness and excessive unforeseen costs of exploitation during the entire intended period of use.
EN
The subject of this article is to test the shear strength of the anchorage, based on diagonal brackets. The tests were carried out on six three-layer samples with a size of 40 x 20 x 17 cm. The samples have been designed to represent a section of a three-layer wall in large-plate buildings and made on an adequate scale with wire mesh reinforcement of Ø 3 mm and a mesh size of 3 x 3 cm. In three samples Ø 6 mm Ø hangers with a diagonal support arm were concreted, and in three others with a „V” shape. The hangers were interlocked with Ø 6 mm anchoring rods to stabilize the mesh embedded in the texture layer. The samples were made of concrete of class C 12/15, while the inner layer was thermal insulation in the form of expanded polystyrene. Tests of the resistance of the pull-out anchors were carried out using Hydrajaws 2008 Pull-out Tester. Each anchor was tested individually. Bonded anchors M 12 were used. The results were summarized in 15 tests (9 diagonal anchors and 6 points). The tests were carried out until the anchor fixings were destroyed. The increase in force during a single attempt was determined on the basis of a video recording in relation to each attempted extraction. When attempts were made to remove the diagonal anchors, steel brackets and angular wooden washers were used to achieve the effect of axial removal of anchors. The role of diagonal anchors in the work of the three-layer element has been discussed.
EN
The purpose of the study was to analyze and compare retention characteristics of different stud attachments including a standard and two low profile attachments on two implant embedded test models. Methods: Three different stud attachment systems (Ball attachment and two different low profile stud attachments – Equator and Locator) were used in this study. Two dental implants were placed vertically into a custom-made acrylic resin block within a 22 mm distance. Strong and soft nylon inserts of each attachment system were tested using cyclic dislodgement test for 24 months simulation. Maximum forces during the test were recorded and 10 consecutive data at baseline, 1st to 24th months were analyzed. Repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s test ( p  0.05) were used for statistical analysis. Results: Retentive forces of the tested attachments varied from 30.7 to 93.75 N at the baseline. The highest initial mean retention (93.75 N) was observed in Group LC (locator attachment with clear nylon inserts) and the lowest initial mean retention (30.7 N) was detected in both Group BO (ball attachment with orange nylon inserts) and Group EY (equator with yellow nylon inserts). After the 24 months simulation, locator groups illustrated more light retention than other tested attachment systems. Conclusions: All tested attachment systems showed a significant decrease in retention value at the end of the simulated period. The locator attachment had significantly higher reduction in retention values compared to other low profile stud attachment equator and ball attachment.
PL
W Europie są różne metody badania oceny zjawiska odpadania elementów okładzin elewacyjnych w przypadku pożaru. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki ostatnio przeprowadzonych badań wg metody ITB wraz z wnioskami dotyczącymi ocenianych rozwiązań technicznych.
EN
There is plenty of test methods for assessment of façades regarding falling parts around Europe though. In this paper a comparison of the results from the fire tests performed in accordance to ITB method will be presented along with some technical assessment regarding studied solutions.
9
Content available remote Modelowanie numeryczne ugięcia podstawy robotów przemysłowych
PL
Instalacja robota przemysłowego wymaga zapewnienia jego sztywnego zamocowania do podłoża oraz do maszyn i urządzeń stanowiska, które mają bezpośredni wpływ na realizowany proces technologiczny. W odniesieniu do stanowisk autonomicznych, np. spawalniczych, dobrą praktyką jest instalacja robota i pozycjonera na wspólnej ramie, podłodze lub podeście. W artykule przedstawiono studium modelowania numerycznego MES ramy nośnej stanowiska zrobotyzowanego, obrazujące proponowaną metodykę obliczeniową oraz podstawowe zalecenia projektowe dla tego typu konstrukcji.
EN
The industrial robot installation requires rigid fixing of the robot to the substrate and to other machines and equipment, which have directly affect the technology processing. In relation to independent installations e.g. welding installations, a good practice is installing the robot and positioner on a joint frame, floor or platform. The article presents the study of numerical modeling (FEM) of a support frame of robotized installation, showing the calculation methodology and basic design guidelines for this type of construction.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest przedstawienie wpływu zamocowania na formę odkształceń drgań własnych i wymuszonych w silniku bezszczotkowym z magnesami trwałymi. Przedstawiono stan zagadnienia oraz badania numeryczne drgań dla różnych warunków brzegowych.
EN
This article presents research on the influence of the mounting on shape of deformation for free and forced vibrations in Brushless Direct Current Motor (BLDC) with permanent magnets. The status of the problem and numerical study of calculations for free and forced vibrations for different boundary conditions are shown.
PL
Stosowane obecnie w budownictwie nowoczesne rozporowe łączniki tworzywowo-metalowe przeznaczone są do pracy w rożnych podłożach oraz w różnych warunkach środowiskowych. Wymagania, jakie powinny zostać spełnione przez łączniki tworzywowo-metalowe zostały m.in. opisane w dokumencie Europejskiej Organizacji ds. Aprobat Technicznych (EOTA) "Wytyczne dla europejskich aprobat technicznych - ETAG 020".
EN
The modern plastic-and-metal anchors currently used in the construction industry are intended to function in a variety of bases and environmental conditions. Requirements with which they are expected to comply are set out, among others, in the European Organization for Technical Approvals (EOTA) document "Guidelines for European Technical Approval - ETAG 020".
16
Content available remote Stropy z prefabrykowanych elementów sprężonych
17
Content available remote Zasady użytkowania elewacji
18
Content available remote Attachments of implant retained tissue supported denture under biting forces
EN
Purpose: In implant retained soft tissue supported type dentures functioning of attachments, presented by their producers as mechanically bio-compatible because of the ensured freedom of rotational displacements is accompanied by numerous problems that seem to be caused by excessive bearing of occlusal loads. Design/methodology/approach: For the purposes of attachments loadings evaluation, built was a threedimensional FEM model of a denture situated on an atrophic prosthetic foundation with joint supports assumed in the area of denture attachment to implants. Analysis of attachments loadings has been carried out under unilateral oblique occlusal forces of 100N in molars and incisors zones. Findings: Used methodology made it possible to determine attachments loading in a quantitative manner. In spite of free rotational movements implantological supports bear significant part of horizontal occlusal forces components, which reach the value of 66N during chewing processes. Research limitations/implications: Examined was only the most commonly used type of attachments. Hence, further studies, apart from constrains enabling rotational movements introduced should be also an axial compliance which is already offered by some types of attachments, and which additionally enables sedimentation of the denture towards the axes of implants. Practical implications: Analysis of loadings related to implantological attachments in case of assuming only a vertical component of occlusal forces leads to a significant underestimation of implantological supports loads values. In the presented analysis, taking into account the influence of the obliquely acting occlusal forces that occur in real chewing conditions, it has been proved that freedom of rotational movements of overdenture's attachments does not allow to use the natural supports of mucous membrane. That explains the reason of attachments and acrylic resin dentures damages, as well as the significant number of lost implants of upper denture resulting from biomechanical causes. In clinical practice, achieved should be the most anterior implants' placement, and especially in case of flat ridges because of the lack of any bearing surface. Originality/value: Determined loadings of supports might constitute a starting point for further biomechanical evaluation of attachments solutions that function according to similar principles, without the necessity of building complex models of the whole system.
20
Content available remote Wpływ sposobu zamocowania na ugięcia płyt warstwowych
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