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European feedback on post-mining seismicity

Contrucci Isabelle, Namjesnik Dalija, Niemz Peter, Primo Paloma, Kotyrba Andrzej, Mutke Grzegorz, Konicek Petr, Dominique Pascal, Rudolph Tobias, Möllerherm Stefan, Kinscher Jannes, Klein Emmanuelle, Cesca Simone

Journal of Sustainable Mining

2023

Vol. 22. iss. 3

195--218

Following the Paris Agreement adopted in 2015, Europe has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, the abandonment of coal as an energy source, both in terms of consumption and production, will lead to the closure of many mines in the years to come. Mine closure guidelines to manage residual mining risks already exist in European countries. However, they do not include post-mining seismic risk management due to a lack of sufﬁcient studies and knowledge on this subject. After mining closure, the ﬂooding of the mining works leads to hydromechanical loading of the underground and, in the longer term, to diffusion and an increase in the pore pressure. These conditions can lead, in certain situations, to the reactivation of tectonic faults, which may cause seismic events strong enough to be felt on the surface or even produce damage. Events of lower magnitudes, usually attributed to the remobilization of old mining works, are referred to as post-mining seismic hazards. The European RFCS PostMinQuake project, which started in 2020, aims to study this hazard at ﬁve mining basins located in France, Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic, known to have experienced signiﬁcant seismicity during their operation. This analysis, based on the feedback of the partners of the project, aims to frame an inventory of the ﬁve studied mining basins, which all encounter post-mining seismicity problem today. Three basins out of ﬁve show events with local magnitudes of the order of 3-3.5, which took place between nine and thirteen years after the closure of the mines. Even though the magnitudes of these earthquakes are small to moderate, they are felt on the surface as they occur at shallow depths. In all of the considered countries, a national seismological network exists, however, none of them is fully dedicated to post-mining seismic monitoring. These networks generally consist of a sparse mesh of stations, which does not allow the detection of events of magnitude less than 1 and the location of events have high spatial uncertainties. France is not an exception, but it relies on microseismic monitoring to detect early signs of instability at the level of mining structures and to anticipate the possible appearance of surface disorders. Out of the ﬁve basins that are studied, the Gardanne basin, which has been monitored since 2008, is the most documented case study of post-mining seismicity. This article also shows the difﬁculty in identifying the key conditions and factors that can lead to the remobilization of faults.

EU Documents of Major Importance Relevant to Issues of Mineral Resource Utilisation

Dvoracek Jaroslav, Sousedikova Radmila, Moravec Ladislav

Inżynieria Mineralna

2020

no. 1, vol. 2

37--40

RAW MATERIALS INITIATIVE and REPORT ON CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS FOR THE EU are two documents of major importance as regards the issues of mineral resources of the European Union. The former document calls upon the EU Member States to maximize utilisation of domestic mineral resources, especially as regards those labelled as critical, the latter concerns occurrence of some such critical minerals in the Czech Republic. In actual fact, compliance with the implications of these documents means renewal of exploitation of residual mineral resources. Nonetheless, such activity anticipates positive economic results, and these are conditioned by investment means available for resumption of production. Both investment and operating expenses can be cut down if existing mining capacities are utilized. This paper investigates possibilities of mining resumption in the Czech Republic from the point of view of the methods employed for decommissioning and closure of mines. The so-called “wet” preservation of mines is recommended both for a future easy option of accessing decommissioned underground works and the possibilities of using pit water itself or employing its energy.

INICJATYWA W SPRAWIE SUROWCÓW i RAPORT NA TEMAT KRYTYCZNYCH SUROWCÓW DLA UE to dwa dokumenty o dużym znaczeniu dla kwestii zasobów mineralnych Unii Europejskiej. Pierwszy dokument wzywa państwa członkowskie UE do maksymalnego wykorzystania krajowych zasobów mineralnych, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do tych, które są oznaczone jako krytyczne, drugi dotyczy występowania niektórych takich krytycznych minerałów między innymi w Czechach. W rzeczywistości zgodność z implikacjami tych dokumentów oznacza odnowienie eksploatacji pozostałych zasobów mineralnych. Niemniej jednak taka działalność przewiduje pozytywne wyniki gospodarcze, które są uwarunkowane środkami inwestycyjnymi dostępnymi do wznowienia produkcji. Zarówno koszty inwestycyjne, jak i operacyjne można ograniczyć, jeżeli zostaną wykorzystane istniejące zdolności wydobywcze. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości wznowienia wydobycia w Czechach z punktu widzenia metod stosowanych do likwidacji i zamykania kopalń. Tak zwane „mokra” zamknięcie kopalni jest zalecana zarówno dla przyszłej łatwej opcji dostępu do wycofanych z eksploatacji robót podziemnych, jak i dla możliwości wykorzystania samej wody pitnej lub wykorzystania energii.