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PL
Trawniki są jedną z najdroższych inwestycji w architekturze krajobrazu. Jedynie kwietniki i rabaty przewyższają je kosztami. Przyczyniają się do tego prace związane zarówno z zakładaniem trawników, jak i z późniejszą ich pielęgnacją.
EN
Punch and broadcast sowing used in establishing grass of surfaces sporting facilities. The paper presents the results of studies on suitability of two surface sowings - broadcast and punch sowing. The lawns were used as football piches. The study includes also single and double seeding. On the basis of the results in can be stated that in the year o f establishm ent and for two successive years of maintenance the best compactness was found after double punch sowing.
EN
Breeding work started already in the thirties, but the first six species of lawn grasses were entered into the Register of Cultivars as late as 1966. Dynamic development of the breeding work and species evaluation based on the instructions worked out, started in the eighties (Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Research Centre for Cultivar Testing). In recent years, there is a growing regress in the breeding of the Polish grass species manifested by less numerous applications for the testing of the Polish species submitted to the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing. In the present report, attention was drawn to an alarming inerease in the number of foreign species (mainly of Danish, Dutch, German, and British origin) both subjected to the preliminary research work and already registered. A difficult situation of the Polish grass breeding was stressed. The lack of successors of the experienced group of researchers from the older generation makes this situation even worse. Research work relating to the biological evaluation of lawn grass species and cultivars and their sod-forming ability on the grass surfaces, especially on the sports and recreation grounds was reviewed. Organisational units founded at the Institute of Communal Economy. Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, sports clubs of the academies of physical education, and in the recent years, also at the departments of grassland of agricultural universities, allowed for undertaking a broad range of observations and studies on the establishment of various lawns. Initially, (1950-1960), the studies concentrated on the recreational and decorative lawns. Then (since the seventies), thanks to the co-operation with sports clubs, also sports lawns became subjects of research. The study and observation results, practical experience of the research personnel from the institutions mentioned above, were shared with the participants of various conferences and meetings organised mainly with the assistance of the Chief Technical Organisation (NOT), all kinds of seminars and trainings and scientific and scientific-popular publications, and propagation rnaterials. Deep involvement of a number of people in the organisational and popularisation activities in the area of lawn establishment was presented.
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