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Effects of Abietinella abietina Extracts on the Germination and Seedling Emergence of Picea crassifolia: Results of Greenhouse Experiments

Wang Q., Zhao C., Gao Y., Gao C., Qiao Y., Xie H., Wang W., Yuan L., Liu J., Ma W., Li W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2016

Vol. 64, nr 3

357--368

Moss cushion plays an important role in recruitment of vascular plants. In this study, we examined the effects of water soluble extracts (WSE) of Abietinella abietina on germination of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) and the effects of moss substrates (A. abietina) on seedling emergence of P. crassifolia in two greenhouse experiments. We found that the WSE of moss affected germination of P. crassifolia in two ways: (1) the WSE reducing the risk of fungal infection to the seeds, improve the germination rate; and (2) the WSE affects germination by its concentration, that is, low concentrations of WSE (i.e., 0.5 mg ml-1 and 5 mg ml-1) stimulate, while high concentrations (i.e., 50 mg ml-1) inhibit it. In seedling emergence experiments, we detected that the moss substrates (both thick and thin mosses) facilitate the emergence of P. crassifolia in dry and intermediate moisture conditions, but inhibit it in moist conditions. In bare soil, the P. crassifolia emergence was also controlled by moisture conditions; the highest (60%) and the lowest (35%) emergence occurred in the moist conditions and dry conditions, respectively. We also found that P. crassifolia seedlings were thinner and taller, but their number higher in moss cushion than in bare soil. Thus we conclude that there is nurse effect of A. abietina cushion on recruitment of P. crassifolia in both dry and intermediate moisture conditions.

Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized on polyvinyl alcohol

Peszke J., Smyłła A., Malinowska B.

Chemistry, Environment, Biotechnology

2015

Vol. 18

7--10

Silver nanoparticles synthesized on PVA (compound 1) and on PVA/silica (compound 2) were tested for antibacterial effect on E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains. The bactericidal effects of silver nanoparticles were compared based on diameter of inhibition zones in discs diffusion method, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) as well as medium supplemented with different concentration of nanoparticles. The results showed the strong antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles against tested bacteria, the MIC values for silver on PVA (compound 1) were 3.1 µg·ml‒1 for E. coli and 6.25 for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. For silver nanoparticles on the PVA/silica complex (compound 2), MIC values were 6.25 and MBC 12.5 µg·ml‒1 for all investigated strains. Both tested silver nanoparticles compounds caused complete inhibition of growth of E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus at concentration 5 µg·ml‒1 in medium.

Effect of selected natural essential oils on in vitro development of fungus Trichoderma harzianum found in common mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation

Górski R., Sobieralski K., Siwulski M., Góra K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

2010

Vol. 17, nr 2

177-185

Investigations on the effect of selected natural essential oils on the development (mycelium growth and sporulation) of fungus Trichoderma harzianum found in common mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) growing were conducted in 2008 at the Department of Plant Protection Methods, the Poznan University of Live Sciences. The following natural essential oils were analyzed: coriander oil (Coriandrum sativum), manuka oil (Leptospermum scoparium), lavender oil (Lavandula officinalis), peppermint oil (Mentha piperita) applied at concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 žg/cm3 of potato dextrose agar (PDA medium produced by Merck Co.). All essential oils used in the analyses were produced by "Pollena Aroma" Co. in Warsaw. The control combination was potato dextrose agar with no oils added. A strong inhibitory action reducing in vitro growth of Trichoderma harzianum was recorded in case of manuka oil at a concentration of 500 and 1000 žg/cm3 PDA. Inhibition of fungal growth was statistically significant and 4 days after medium inoculation it amounted to 67.4 and 64.7% in relation to the control, respectively. After application of all tested natural essential oils sporulation of the fungus was significantly reduced at 6 days after medium inoculation, by 50.2÷99.9%.

Badania nad wpływem wybranych naturalnych olejków eterycznych na rozwój (wzrost grzybni i zarodnikowanie) grzyba Trichoderma harzianum występującego w uprawie pieczarki dwuzarodnikowej (Agaricus bisporus) przeprowadzono w 2008 roku w Katedrze Metod Ochrony Roślin Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu. Przetestowano następujące olejki eteryczne: kolendrowy (Coriandrum sativum), manuka (Leptospermum scoparium), lawendowy (Lavandula officinalis), mięty pieprzowej (Mentha piperita), które dodawano do pożywki ziemniaczano-glukozowej (pożywka PDA firmy Merck), w stężeniach 250; 500 i 1000 žg/cm3. Wszystkie badane olejki eteryczne były produkowane przez firmę "Pollena Aroma" z Warszawy. Kombinację kontrolną stanowiła pożywka PDA bez dodatku olejków. Stwierdzono silne działanie inhibujące wzrost Trichoderma harzianum po zastosowaniu olejku manuka w koncentracji 500 i 1000 žg/cm3 PDA. Zahamowanie wzrostu grzybni było statystycznie istotne i po 4 dniach od inokulacji pożywki wynosiło ono w stosunku do kontroli odpowiednio 67,4 i 64,7%. Po zastosowaniu wszystkich testowanych olejków eterycznych zaobserwowano znaczącą redukcję zarodnikowania, wynoszącą w 6 dniu od inokulacji pożywki 50,2÷99,9%.