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1

Image Analysis as a Method of the Assessment of Yarn for Making Flat Textile Fabrics

Idzik Marcin, Idzik Marek

Autex Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 2

201--207

EN

During the technological processing of staple fibers into yarn drafting, waves are formed which increase the irregularity of yarn linear density and consequently affect the yarn quality. Even a correctly performed technological process does not allow one to completely eliminate yarn faults (thin and thick places, neps) and yarn irregularity. All the yarn imperfections distinctly become apparent in flat textiles made of such a yarn. The quality of the yarn produced should be assessed already in spinning mill, using the results obtained to conclude on the quality of woven or knitted fabrics. Modern metrological laboratories in spinning mills possess Uster Tester 5 (UT5) apparatuses that not only assess the yarn quality with respect to the irregularity of linear density, faults (thin and thick places, neps), or hairiness, but also using the test results obtained make it possible to create a digital image of the predicted appearance of a flat fabric made of the yarn tested. This article presents a computer-aided method of the analysis of the woven and knitted fabric images obtained from UT5 that allows one to assess the significance of particular yarn parameters in the predicted appearance of flat fabrics.

2

Experimental study on the mechanical properties of textile reinforced mortar (TRM) composites with different yarn shapes subjected to uniaxial tension

Dong Zhifang, Dai Jie, Deng Mingke, Wu Zhiyan

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 4

art. no. e185, 2022

EN

Textile reinforced mortar (TRM) has been applied to retrofit or reinforce the masonry and reinforced concrete (RC) buildings due to the promising tensile properties. The presented work mainly investigated the tensile behaviors of TRM composites with different shapes of carbon multifilament yarns and types of matrices. The flatter shape of yarn has a larger bonding area for the same cross section area of the yarns compared with the elliptical ones. The specimens reinforced with the elliptical and flatter sectional shape of yarns were compared in terms of failure mode, tensile strength, tensile stress–strain response and strain energy. The results showed that the tensile strength can be enhanced by 11% ~ 67%. The utilization of the textiles in the matrix was significantly improved. It demonstrated the fact that the stress difference between the core and outer of yarns was significantly reduced. The flatter shape of yarn effectively contributed to the enhancement of bonding property. The slippage between yarns and matrix was prevented owning to the larger bonding area. Finally, based on the shape coefficient related to the section shape of the yarn, a modified index model was suggested to predict the tensile strength.

3

Analiza porównawcza menadżerów pakietów JavaScript – yarn oraz NPM

Chodorowski Michał

Journal of Computer Sciences Institute

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2021

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Vol. 19

75--80

EN

In this article, two leading solutions for managing packages in projects which are using JavaScript technology (yarn and npm) were subjected to a comparative analysis. As part of the implementation, two configuration files were created, one of which represents an empty application created on the basis of an application template based on the Angular framework in version 8. The second file reflects an extensive web application based on the same framework, but with the addiction of over 100 dependencies. The research was focused on the time efficiency of both solutions.

PL

W niniejszym artykule analizie porównawczej poddano dwa wiodące rozwiązania służące do zarządzania pakietami w projektach wykorzystujących technologię JavaScript (yarn oraz npm). W ramach realizacji powstały dwa pliki konfiguracyjne, z których jeden reprezentuje pustą aplikację stworzoną na podstawie szablonu aplikacji opartej na szkielecie programistycznym Angular w wersji 8. Drugi plik odzwierciedla rozbudowaną aplikację internetową opartą o ten sam szkielet programistyczny, lecz z dodatkiem ponad 100 zależności. Badania ukierunkowane zostały na wydajność czasową obu rozwiązań.

4

Effect of a Subjective Grading System and Blending with Polyester on Selected Wool and Yarn Characteristics of Subtropical Egyptian Barki Sheep

Helal Ahmed, Agamy Rania, Gad Allah Aymen A. I., Al-Betar Essam M., Mahouda Sabry F., Abdel-Mageed Ibrahim I.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2019

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Vol. 27, no. 5 (137)

23--27

EN

Seven-hundred kilograms of subtropical Barki wool was collected to study the effect of a subjective grading system and blending with polyester on selected wool and yarn characteristics. Wool was graded subjectively into coarse, fine and raw; then each grade was blended with 0%, 15%, 25%, 35% and 45% of polyester. Staple and yarn strengths were higher in both coarse and fine grades compared with raw wool. Staple elongation of the fine grade reached 3 times that of coarse grade and twice as much as raw grade. Also, in the 100% wool blend, yarn elongation of the fine grade was twice as much as both coarse and raw grades. The fine grade had the highest yarn friction, followed by other grades. Generally, adding polyester to coarse and fine grades led to an improved yarn strength compared with the raw grade. Adding 15% polyester caused the highest improvement among other percentages. Correlations among traits were also discussed.

PL

Do badań wykorzystano 700 kg wełny. Dokonano oceny wybranych właściwości wełny i przędz mieszanych wełna/poliester. Wełna była oceniana subiektywnie na grubą, cienką i surową; następnie każdy gatunek został zmieszany z 0%, 15%, 25%, 35% i 45% poliestru. Zbadano wytrzymałość, wydłużenie i współczynnik tarcia przędz. Stwierdzono, że, dodawanie poliestru do grubych i cienkich włókien wełnianych prowadziło do polepszenia wytrzymałości przędz w porównaniu do przędz z włókien surowych. Największą poprawę właściwości spowodowało dodanie 15% poliestru. Omówiono również korelacje między cechami.

5

The Analysis of Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Yarns Used for Manufacturing Hernia Meshes

Draczynski Z., Chmielewska M., Bogun M., Sujka W.

Autex Research Journal

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2019

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Vol. 19, no. 2

119--126

EN

The article presents a comparative analysis of the yarns used for manufacturing hernia meshes. For the analysis, two different linear masses, 46 dtex and 72 dtex, of transparent and dyed yarns were used; the dye used in the yarns was adequate for their intended use. The DSC tests showed the influence of thermal treatment on the change of thermal properties of the yarns. At the same time, it was proved that the aforementioned treatment had a bearing on the changes of crystallinity degree. All types of yarns were also subjected to physicochemical tests required for all the materials used for the production of hernia meshes.

6

Interrelation Between Tensile Properties of Yarns and Woven Fabrics with These Yarns

Kumpikaitė Eglė, Tautkutė-Stankuvienė Indrė, Redeckienė Dovilė

Autex Research Journal

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2019

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Vol. 19, no. 4

387--393

EN

The main parameters of tensile tests for fabrics and yarns are the breaking force and the elongation at break. The aim of this investigation was to find the relation between the tensile properties of yarns and woven fabrics for different natural raw materials. Manmade bamboo, natural single flax, blended plied flax and natural silk yarns, plied combed cotton yarns, blended plied cotton, and polyester yarns were used for the research. The warp of almost all fabrics, except of one fabric, was from flax. This fabric was woven using blended flax and silk yarns in the warp. Weft yarns were more various – yarns of one kind were used in the weft for certain fabrics; yarns of two kinds were used in 1:1 repeats in other fabrics. It was established that the breaking force for both woven fabrics and yarns increases when the elongation at break increases. The relationships between the tensile parameters of yarns and woven fabrics were established. The results showed weak dependence between the tensile parameters of yarns and fabrics because the coefficients of determination of the dependences are small.

7

Kinetics of photoelectrocatalytic degradation of diclofenac using N, S co-doped TiO2 nano-crystallite decorated TiO2 nanotube arrays photoelectrode

Cui Y., Deng X., Ma Q., Zhang H., Cheng X., Li X., Xie M., Cheng Q., Li B.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 44, nr 2

117-130

EN

As a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, was commonly used as analgesic, antiarthritic and antirheumatic, and has frequently been detected in municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) effluents and demonstrated to be potentially environmental risk on human beings. In the present study, N, S co-doped TiO2 nano-crystallites decorated TiO2 nano-tube arrays (N, S-TiO2 NCs/TiO2 NTAs) photoelectrode was used to degrade diclofenac containing wastewater. In addition, the effects of some critical parameters including initial pH, external positive potential, sodium sulfate concentration and initial diclofenac concentration on the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation of diclofenac containing wastewater and dynamic characteristics were investigated systematically. Results showed that N, S-TiO2 NCs/TiO2 NTAs photoelectrode exhibited high PEC efficiency for the degradation of diclofenac, in which the PEC processes fitted well with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) model. Furthermore, external additional anions such as Cl–, ClO– and NO3 – played an important role in inhibiting the degradation of diclofenac. Also, the N, S-TiO2 NCs/TiO2 NTAs photoelectrode possessed good stability for consecutive applications for degradation of diclofenac, which could potentially be utilized in wastewater treatment.

8

Porosity of Knitted Fabrics in the Aspect of Air Permeability - Discussion of Selected Assumptions

Havlová M., Špánková J.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2017

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Vol. 25, no. 3 (123)

86--91

EN

The main focus of this paper is to look into the relationship between the structure and air permeability of single jersey knitted fabric – especially verifying some basic assumptions. First, if it is possible to neglect the permeability of yarns themselves when we evaluate that of knits, and second, if yarn hairiness plays a significant role when we evaluate the relationship between air permeability and the porosity of knits. Theoretical calculations and experiments which were performed using an analysis of microscopic images of the structure of textile materials are used for the determination of inter-yarn and intra-yarn porosity. The paper aims to show that the characteristic dimension of inter-yarn pores is significantly higher than that of intra-yarn pores, and also that the values of inter-yarn porosity measured using image analysis methods with hairiness and after the removal of hairiness are statistically significantly different. The correlation coefficients for the porosity values measured and calculated are very high.

PL

Głównym celem opracowania było spojrzenie na zależność pomiędzy strukturą a przepuszczalnością powietrza dzianin, w szczególności zweryfikowanie niektórych podstawowych założeń. Po pierwsze, czy podczas oceny przepuszczalności powietrza dzianiny możliwe jest pominięcie przepuszczalności powietrza przędzy, z której została ona wykonana? Po drugie, czy włochatość przędzy odgrywa istotną rolę w ocenie zależności pomiędzy przepuszczalnością powietrza a porowatością dzianin? Obliczenia teoretyczne i wyniki badań, które zostały przeprowadzone przy użyciu analizy mikroskopowych obrazów struktury materiałów włókienniczych, wykorzystano do określania porowatości przędzy. Współczynniki korelacji dla zmierzonych i wyliczanych wartości porowatości były bardzo wysokie.

9

Natural modified starch and synthetic sizes in function of characteristics of sized yarn

Kovačević S., Dorđević S., Dorđević D.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2016

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Vol. 24, no. 1 (115)

56--66

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in properties of yarn made by sizing with synthetic and natural modified corn starch. Different procedures for obtaining modified natural (corn) starch and various combinations of natural and synthetic sizes were used to explore the differences in the properties of sized yarn. The sizing process was carried out under with constant conditions in a newly developed laboratory sizing machine on twisted cotton yarns of 20×2 tex and 30×2 tex. According to the results obtained, yarn sized with synthetic sizes has substantially better properties than those which are naturally sized with modified starch. However, sometimes these differences are not significant or they do not exist at all. Twisted yarn is not always necessary in sizing in order to increased its strength but rather to protect the surface from wear and refine projecting fibers; in this case natural modified starch from corn can meet the requirements. The significance of this research is the application of natural sizes, improvement of the sizing process with natural modified sizes using new achievements in the development of the sizing process, and thus creating a positive environmental and economic impact.

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie zmian właściwości przędz preparowanych preparacjami syntetycznymi i z naturalnie modyfikowanej skrobi. Proces nanoszenia preparacji przeprowadzono przy zachowaniu stałych warunków nowo zbudowanej laboratoryjnej maszynie. Obrabiano skręcane przędze bawełniane o masie liniowej 20 × 2 tex i 30 × 2 tex. Zgodnie z otrzymanymi wynikami przędze preparowane preparacją syntetyczną miały zdecydowanie lepsze parametry od przędz z preparacją opartą na modyfikowanej skrobi. Jednakże czasami różnice te nie determinują konieczności zastosowania preparacji syntetycznej zwłaszcza w sytuacji kiedy nie jest wymagane uzyskanie maksymalnej wytrzymałości a istotne są elementy ochrony środowiska i koszty produkcji.

10

Moisture Absorption and Desorption in Flax and Hemp Fibres and Yarns

Mustata A., Mustata F. S. C.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2013

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Vol. 21, no. 3 (99)

26--30

EN

The aim of this paper is to present research work about the mode in which the water sorption- desorption process is influenced by the type of spinning yarns (dry or wet) and by the type of roving treatment (boiling or bleaching) in the case of flax and hemp yarns. The hygroscopic properties of fibres, yarns and woven fabrics from flax and hemp boiled or bleached were investigated at different relative humidities. The saturation limit of moisture absorption of the fibres varies depending on the source as well as pre-treatment of the sample. The effect of water quantity absorbed on the electrical resistance of the fibres and yarns and on the mechanical properties was examined.

PL

Przedstawiono badania dotyczące sorpcji i desorpcji wilgoci włókien, przędz i tkanin gotowanych i bielonych prowadzone w warunkach różnej wilgotności względnej. Badano również wpływ absorpcji wody na oporność elektryczną włókien i przędz oraz wpływ na ich właściwości mechaniczne.

11

Modeling Stretching-Relaxation Properties of Yarns

Shi F. J.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2013

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Vol. 21, no. 2 (98)

51--55

EN

In this paper, the stretching-stress relaxation properties of polyester/viscose and regenerated bamboo fiber/cotton blended yarns are studied. Based on the Boltzmann superposition principle, the stretching-stress relaxation process of the yarns is analysed using the standard linear solid model. Theoretical equations of the stretching-stress relaxation process are deduced. Stretching-stress relaxation experiments were made under two different conditions, that is, the yarns were stretched to a definite strain at different rates of straining and to different strains at the same strain-rate. Regressive equations of stress relaxation and correlation coefficients of the yarns are calculated. Theoretical expectations display very good agreement with the experimental observations, indicating that the standard linear solid model can be used to describe the stress relaxation properties of yarns under lower strain conditions. It can also be found from the experimental and theoretical results that the higher the strain-rate and larger the maximum strain, the lower the relaxation time.

PL

Zbadano właściwości rozciągania i relaksacji naprężeń przędz poliestrowo-wiskozowych i z mieszanek bawełny z włóknami „bambusowymi” (regenerowanej celulozy bambusowej). W oparciu o zasadę superpozycji Boltzmanna analizowano proces rozciągania-relaksacji naprężeń przędz za pomocą standardowego liniowego modelu Zenera. Wyprowadzono teoretyczne równania procesów rozciągania i relaksacji naprężeń. Badania przeprowadzono dla dwóch różnych warunków: przędze rozciągano do określonego naprężenia, przy różnych prędkościach rozciągania oraz do różnych naprężeń, przy tej samej prędkości. Obliczono równania regresji relaksacji naprężeń oraz współczynniki korelacji przędz. Teoretyczne oczekiwania są zgodne z obserwacjami eksperymentalnymi, co oznacza, że standardowy model liniowy może zostać zastosowany do opisu właściwości relaksacji naprężeń w przędzach przy niższych wartościach odkształceń. Wyniki teoretyczne jak i eksperymentalne wskazują również, że im większa prędkość rozciągania i większe obciążenie maksymalne, tym krótszy czas relaksacji.

12

Investigation of Yarn Properties of Modified Yarn Spinning Systems with Air Nozzle Attachment

Yilmaz D., Usal M. R.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2013

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Vol. 21, no. 2 (98)

43--50

EN

In the present study, conventional ring and compact spinning systems were modified with the air nozzle placed below the drafting system of the spinning frames. The modification of the conventional ring spinning system was called ‘Jetring’, while the combination of air nozzle and compact spinning system was named ‘Compact-Jet’. Actually, in literature there is not this kind of system ,and thus the Compact-Jet spinning system is a new application in the spinning field. When the properties of ring, Jetring, compact and Compact-jet yarns were compared, it was determined that modified spinning systems contribute to an effective reduction in the number of long hair length groups as well as insignificant changes in twist and tensile properties. The reduction in s3 yarn hairiness values reaches up to 40% in the Jetring spinning system. However, the Compact-jet spinning system improves the hairiness of conventional ring spun yarns by over 50%. A relatively higher reduction in yarn hairiness is possible with proper changes in the nozzle geometry and air pressure level. Nevertheless, in comparison to the Jetring spinning system, the Compact-jet spinning system is very effective regarding yarn properties, particularly yarn hairiness. The system even increases the yarn tenacity slightly.

PL

Systemy przędące tradycyjny obrączkowy i kompaktowy zmodyfikowano umieszczając dyszę powietrzną poniżej strefy rozciągania przędzarki. Modyfikację konwencjonalnego obrączkowego systemu przędącego nazwano „Jetring”, podczas gdy połączenie dyszy powietrznej z kompaktowym system przędzenia nazwano „Compact-Jet”. Stwierdzono, że zastosowanie zmodyfikowanego systemu doprowadziło do poprawy jakości otrzymywanej przędzy, wpływając zarówno na włochatość, skręt jak i wytrzymałość. Wykazano, że w zależności od zastosowanej modyfikacji można uzyskać znaczne polepszenie jakości przędzy.

13

Effects of Vacuum Steaming Process on the Twist Liveliness of Staple Yarns

Sardag S., Özdemir Ö.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2013

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Vol. 21, no. 5 (101)

49--53

EN

During yarn formation by spinning, fibres are bent into approximately helical shapes and tension is created. Twisted yarns tend to untwist because of this tension. When twisted yarn tension is slackened, the yarns usually get coupled as loops and twisted in the reverse direction forming snarls. This situation is called the twist liveliness of the yarn. Yarn twist liveliness properties should be taken into account during the manufacturing process, and necessary precautions should be taken in order to avoid or minimise problems likely to occur during the subsequent processes. Today setting yarn twists on vacuum steaming machines is the most widely used method of decreasing twist liveliness values of yarns.In this study, the effects of vacuum steaming processes and other parameters on the twist liveliness of 100% cotton, 100% viscose and 100% polyester yarns were investigated. For this purpose, yarns with different twisting coefficients and numbers were twisted and subjected to vacuum steaming at different temperatures and for different durations according to their raw material properties. Twist liveliness values of these yarns were measured before and after vacuum steaming and the results obtained were assessed by means of SPSS statistics software. Variation analyses and SNK (Student Newman Keuls Tests) tests were carried out at a 5% (0.05) level of significance. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that the vacuum steaming temperature, raw material, the amount of twist, and yarn number have a significant effect on twist liveliness values of yarns.

PL

Podczas formowania przędz włókna zginane są spiralnie, w wyniku czego powstaje naprężenie, pod wpływem którego skręcone włókna maja tendencje do rozkręcania się. Przy zmniejszaniu naprężenia, przędze zazwyczaj tworzą pętle i skręcają w przeciwnych kierunkach formując supły. Takie zjawisko nazywane jest stabilizacja skrętu przędzy. Właściwości tego zjawiska powinny być brane pod uwagę podczas procesu produkcji, oraz powinny zostać podjęte niezbędne środki ostrożności w celu uniknięcia lub zminimalizowania problemów, które mogą wystąpić w dalszych procesach. Obecnie dla zmniejszenia tego zjawiska stosuje się ustawienie skrętów przędzy na próżniowych maszynach parowych. W pracy badano skutki próżniowych procesów parowania i innych parametrów na stabilizację skrętu 100% bawełny, 100% wiskozy i 100% włókien poliestrowych. W tym celu, przędze o różnym współczynniku skrętu i masie liniowej były skręcane i poddawane parowaniu przy obniżonym ciśnieniu i przy różnych wartościach temperatury, i w różnym czasie parowania w zależności od właściwości surowca.

14

Effects of the Horizontal offset of the Ring Spinning Triangle on Yarn

Liu X., Su X., Wu T

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2013

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Vol. 21, no. 1 (97)

35--40

EN

The spinning triangle is a critical region in the spinning process of yarn. Its geometry influences the distribution of fibre tension in the spinning triangle and, thus, affects the properties of spun yarns. Therefore, taking appropriate measures to influence the spinning triangle geometry and thus improve the quality of yarn has attracted great interesting in recent years. During the geometry parameters, the horizontal offset of the twisting point to the symmetric axis of the nip line of the spinning triangle d has attracted more and more attention and is considered as one of the most critical factors influencing the quality of yarn. Therefore, in this paper, the effects of the horizontal offset d of the ring spinning triangle on yarn qualities is investigated. Firstly a theoretical model of the fibre tension distributions in the spinning triangle is given. Relationships between the fibre tension and horizontal offset of the spinning triangle are analysed theoretically. Secondly, as an application of the model proposed, the spinning triangles of a modified ring spinning system with a pair of offset devices which can change the horizontal offset ‘d’ continuously are studied. The distributions of fibre tension in the spinning triangle are simulated numerically, with the horizontal offset varying continuously. Furthermore the properties of spun yarns produced by the modified system are evaluated and analysed by using the simulation results.

PL

Trójkąt przędący jest istotnym parametrem w procesie przędzenia. Jego geometria wpływa na rozkład naprężeń włókien w trójkącie przędącym, co oddziałuje na właściwości przędzy. Dlatego w ostatnich latach dużym zainteresowaniem cieszą się badania nad wpływem geometrii trójkąta przędącego w celu uzyskania możliwie najwyższej jakości. Konfiguracja geometryczna, w tym poziome przesunięcie trójkąta przędącego odgrywają coraz większą rolę w analizach procesu przędzenia obrączkowego. Autorzy przedstawili teoretyczny model rozkładów naprężeń włókien w trójkącie przędącym i przeanalizowali teoretyczne zależności pomiędzy naprężeniem włókien a ustawieniem trójkąta przędącego. Przeprowadzono symulację numeryczną i na jej podstawie wyciągnięto wnioski dotyczące jakości produkowanej przędzy.

15

Testing of yarn abrasion

Krupincová G., Hatipoglu J.

Autex Research Journal

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2013

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Vol. 13, no. 1

22--27

EN

There exist a lot of methodologies, which can be used for yarn quality testing. Abrasion resistance and its measurement for raw and sized yarn can help in the judgment of yarn weaving-ability. This article concentrates on the possibility of yarn abrasion expression and testing. Relation among fiber material characteristics, selected yarn structural, and mechanical parameters is discussed and a few experimental results are shown.

16

The effect of loop length and yarn linear density on the thermal properties of bamboo knitted fabric

Prakash C., Ramakrishnan G., Koushik C. V.

Autex Research Journal

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2011

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Vol. 11, no. 4

102--105

EN

In this work, the thermal comfort properties of bamboo knitted fabrics have been studied in relation to loop length and yarn linear density. The objective was to determine the influence of fabric factors such as loop length and the constituent yarn linear density on the fabric properties such as air permeability, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and relative water vapour permeability. Yarns with linear densities of 20s Ne, 25s Ne, 30s Ne with the same twist levels were used to construct the fabrics of single jersey structure with loop lengths of 2.7 mm, 2.7 mm and 3.1 mm. The anticipated increase in air permeability and relative water-vapour permeability with a decrease in yarn linear density and increase in loop length was observed. In general, the thermal conductivity and thermal resistance tended to increase with the constituent yarn linear density but decreased with an increase in loop length.

17

Growth and application of ultra-long multi-walled carbon nanotube

Shimizu S., Okada M., Inoue Y., Neo Y., Kume H., Aoki T., Mimura H.

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2009

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Vol. 3, No. 4

163-165

EN

We found the easy and efficient synthesis method of the vertically aligned ultralong multi-walled nanotubes using iron chloride powder. The 2.1-mm-long bulk nanotubes can be grown by conventional thermal chemical vapor deposition on bare quartz surface with the single gas flow of acetylene for 20 min. In addition to the high growth rate, the bulk of carbon nanotubes is easily spun into the yarn by pulling it out, and the present method also provides the coating ability with nanotubes as a new functionality of this nanomaterial. Š 2008 American Institute of Physics.

18

Physical characteristics of cotton/polyester core spun yarn made using ring and air-jet systems

Pramanik P., Patil V. M.

Autex Research Journal

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2009

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Vol. 9, no. 1

14--19

EN

The manufacture of core yarn from polyester-cotton is one of the most important developments in the textile industry. The use of core yarns is mainly aimed at improving the strength, comfort, durability, aesthetics, and other functional properties of the final yarn. This article reports the results of investigation of core spun yarns made from polyester filament as core and cotton as sheath material manufactured using both ring and air-jet spinning systems. Polyester filaments with different proportions were chosen for the core component and cotton was used as the sheath. A total of twelve different core yarns were made on different spinning systems (i.e. six on air-jet and six on ring frame systems) and the yarn properties were compared with those of 100% cotton ring-spun yarn. It was observed that core yarns had improved physical properties compared to 100% cotton ring-spun yarn in many respects such as yarn strength, elongation, energy to break, and yarn imperfections. Only air-jet core yarn showed lower yarn strength than 100% cotton yarn but the same yarn excelled in other properties compared to 100% cotton yarn.

19

Technologia i własności dzianin wytwarzanych z półproduktów przędzalniczych

Śledzińska K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Włókiennictwo / Politechnika Łódzka

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2008

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z. 64

73-90

PL

Opracowano nową technologię rządkowych dzianin lewoprawych wytwarzanych z półproduktów przędzalniczych. Innowacyjność polega na zastąpieniu tradycyjnego surowca jakim zasilane są maszyny dziewiarskie -przędzy - surowcem dotąd nie stosowanym, a mianowicie niedoprzędem. Wyznaczono współzależności między parametrami technologicznymi a strukturą nowej grupy dzianin. W oparciu o model geometryczny strefy dziania, w której zachodzi rozciąg niedoprzędu, przeanalizowano wpływ parametrów nastawczych strefy dziania na przebieg procesu technologicznego oraz własności wytworzonych dzianin. Przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą własności strukturalnych i użytkowych wariantów dzianin nowych z ich tradycyjnymi odpowiednikami.

EN

The new technology of Jersey weft-knitted fabrics manufactured from intermediate spinning products was elaborated. Innovation of this technology consist in substituting a traditional raw material feeding knitting machines - yarn - for raw material which hadn`t been used before, namely roving. The constructions solutions of drawing apparatus, concordant with opentop machines, enabling, aim at decrease of linear density, slimming of fibre assembly before a knitting zone was undertaking. Correlation between technological parameters and Structure of new knitted fabrics` group was appointed. Based on elaborated geometrical knitting process model, where drawing of roving occurs, the effect of knitting zone setting parameters on technological process and knitting fabrics properties was analyzed. The comparatwe analysis of structural and end-use properties of new kind of knitted fabrics and their traditional analogs was conducted.

20

Ocena niejednorodności właściwości mechanicznych nitek na podstawie analizy sił w nitce, w krótkiej strefie rozciągania

Włodarczyk B.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Włókiennictwo / Politechnika Łódzka

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2008

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z. 64

133-153

PL

W technologiach włókienniczych występują strefy rozciągania nitek, pomiędzy elementami maszyn lub na ich elementach roboczych, przez które przędza przemieszcza się, podlegając rozciąganiu. Długość tych stref wynosi od kilku milimetrów do kilku metrów. Zmienność napięć w przemieszczanych nitkach spowodowana jest warunkami technologicznymi oraz czynnikami związanymi z niejednorodnością własności mechanicznych. Modelowanie matematyczne sił spotykane w literaturze zwykle nie uwzględnia niejednorodności mechanicznych surowca i dlatego daje wartość średnią siły, bez parametrów rozrzutu jej wartości, który obserwuje się w rzeczywistych procesach. Autor podjął próbę oceny niejednorodności własności mechanicznych przędzy i określenia jej wpływu na generowanie i charakterystykę sił w nitkach przemieszczających się przez strefę rozciągania. Zbudował również prototypowy tester przędzy.

EN

Drawing zones of threads can be commonly found in textile technologies, between parts of machines and on its working elements through which the threads are displaced and drawn. The length of such zones ranges from some millimeters to some meters. The variability of tensions in the threads displaced is caused by technological conditions and factors connected with the irregularity of the threads mechanical properties. Mathematical modeling of forces described in literature commonly do not concern the mechanical irregularities of raw material and therefore its results are only average values which do not include the parameters of the values` dispersion which are observed in real processes. The author took an attempt to estimate the irregularities of the mechanical properties of threads, arid to determine their influence on the generation of forces (and their characteristic features) in threads displaced through a drawing zone. We also designed and build a prototype yarn tester. The theoretical model presented herein, was developed on the basis of a model concerning only the elasticity theory, in details described in [2], and presented in [1], as well as on the basis of a model concerning the thread`s visco-elastic properties described in [28].