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1 2013

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Wyzwania kryzysowe na tle ewolucji kapitalizmu z uwzględnieniem uwarunkowań środowiskowych

Spychalski G.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

2013

Tom 15, cz. 1

780--792

The paper presents main dilemma of the economic development in the crisis time. Author identifies the sources of structural problems observed in the modern economy, tries to analyze political, social and financial challenges which world market faces. Afterwards in the context of capitalistic system evolution there is a proposal of change in market economy paradigm based on individual property of the means of production. Author implements natural environment factors to the economic relations and emphasizes the role of intellectual capital as the factor creating the competitiveness. There is a concept of new economic policy described as the result of changed model of global economy. Evolution of modern capitalistic system could be synthesized in five basic foundations. First is the implementation of environment factors. Usage of natural resources should be precisely estimate and firms are obliged to pay for their loss. In that way society can collect money to invest in all the appliances facilitating recovery of environment. In the global market is a need to prepare international fees for pollution and therefore introduce world investments protecting all around air, water or soil. Environment is not connected with nation or country. Second is implementation of innovations into business activity. Scientific results enable for technological and organizational progress. Nowadays the role of intellectual capital is more important than material and financial ones. At the same time one should change economic philosophy in the level of enterprises as well as in the government decisions. Not only efficiency is crucial but the cultural values as well. Third is connected with recovery of micro and macro accounts based on rational premises. For a long time all countries treat the budget deficits as the standard measure of economic policy. Now many governments faces the giant obligations to be paid and introduces programs of cutting costs in social, cultural and other fields of society life. Fourth foundation is creation of wide base for socio-economic development through incorporation of many members of society (poor, unemployed) into economic turnover. Some benefits program depend on selected activities of these groups of people and help to increase national income. It is based on every single citizen small share to work sometimes not for wages. Decrease of the taxes and social insurance costs could enable these processes. Fifth is connected with non-government sector activity release. Social economy institutions are able to create relations, citizen awareness, entrepreneurship and some number of new work places. Some civil services could be provided by the firms of this sector. Social capital is generated in the sector and many workers are prepared to new challenges and professional activities.