Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Polymer materials to produce wrist-hand orthoses using the additive method

Szczygieł Paweł

Polimery

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2024

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Vol. 69, nr 2

103--111

EN

Wrist-hand orthosis was developed using PolyJet Matrix (PJM) and Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) additive technologies. MED610 and PLACTIVE were used as the biocompatible materials. The orthosis was divided into parts A and B. The accuracy of both parts was checked using an optical scanner. The PJM method was more accurate. The compressive strength and stress relaxation of the orthosis were also tested. Greater strength was achieved for part A made using PJM technology, and for part B made using FFF technology.

PL

Ortezy nadgarstkowo-dłoniowe otrzymano przy użyciu technologii przyrostowych PolyJet Matrix (PJM) i Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). Jako biokompatybilny materiał zastosowano MED610 oraz PLACTIVE. Ortezę podzielono na część A i B. Sprawdzono dokładność wykonania obu części za pomocą skanera optycznego. Większą dokładnością charakteryzowała się metoda PJM. Zbadano także wytrzymałość ortezy na ściskanie i relaksację naprężeń. Większą wytrzymałość uzyskano dla części A wykonanej w technologii PJM, a dla części B wykonanej w technologii FFF.

2

Influence of size on the compressive properties of cellular structures manufactured by additive technologies

Rudnik Mateusz

Mechanik

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2024

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R. 97, nr 4

6--15

EN

This article is a continuation of research on hexagonal cell structures. Previous research has dealt with cell structures in normalized models, where it was shown that cell structures should be studied from a single cell to a suitably generated iterative model based on recursive formulas. The aim of this paper was to compare manufactured cell structures with an appropriately defined formula. Printed models of the hexagonal structure subjected to compression showed that, in the case of the Polylactic Acid Blue material, as the size of the side length of the hexagonal cells increased, the quality of the generated diagrams also increased, which informed the undesired effects of the compressive force in the tests. In the case of cells manufactured from the PA2200 material, it was noted that the maximum force acting on the cell structure decreased with increasing cell side length, however, no undesirable situations occurred during testing in contrast to structures manufactured from Polylactic Acid base materials. In the case of Polylactic Acid materials, special attention had to be paid to the Polylactic Acid Gray material. The models were printed with the same parameters, from the same Stereolitography language file, had a slightly higher mass and were subjected to the same compression test, yet showed significant differences in the tests carried out compared to the other models.

PL

Artykuł jest kontynuacją badań dotyczących struktur komórkowych heksagonalnych. Poprzednie badania dotyczyły struktur komórkowych w modelach znormalizowanych. Wykazano, że struktury komórkowe należy badać od pojedynczej komórki do odpowiednio wygenerowanego modelu iteracyjnego opartego na wzorach rekurencyjnych. Celem pracy było porównanie wytworzonych struktur komórkowych o odpowiednio zdefiniowanym wzorze. Wydrukowane modele struktury heksagonalnej poddanej ściskaniu wykazały, że w przypadku materiału Polylactic Acid Blue wraz ze wzrostem długości boku komórek heksagonalnych wzrastała także jakość generowanych diagramów, co informowało o niepożądanych efektach działania siły ściskającej. W przypadku struktur komórkowych wykonanych z materiału PA2200 zauważono, że maksymalna siła działająca na strukturę komórkową zmniejszała się wraz ze wzrostem długości boku struktury komórkowej, jednakże podczas badań nie wystąpiły żadne niepożądane sytuacje w porównaniu ze strukturami wytwarzanymi z materiałów na bazie kwasu polimlekowego. W przypadku materiałów z polikwasu mlekowego szczególną uwagę należało zwrócić na materiał z szarego kwasu polimlekowego. Modele zostały wydrukowane z tymi samymi parametrami, z tego samego pliku, który został zapisany w języku stereolitograficznym, a jednak miały nieco większą masę i zostały poddane temu samemu testowi ściskania, a mimo to wykazały istotne różnice w przeprowadzonych testach w porównaniu z pozostałymi modelami.

3

Effect of the number of shells on selected mechanical properties of parts manufactured by FDM/FFF technology

Szot Wiktor, Rudnik Mateusz

Advances in Materials Science

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2024

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Vol. 24, nr 1(79)

86--103

EN

The technological parameters of 3D printing have an influence on the mechanical properties of the manufactured components. The purpose of the article was to study the comparative influence of the technological parameter of the number of shells variable in two stages (2 and 10) on selected mechanical properties. The maximum tensile stress for the number of shells 10 was 39.80 MPa, which is higher compared to the number of shells 2: 30.98 MPa. In the case of the maximum bending stress for the number of shells 10, an average value of 61.02 MPa was obtained, which is higher compared to the number of shells of 2: 37.46 MPa. Furthermore strong fit of the Kelvin-Voight model was obtained, as confirmed by the values of the 𝐶ℎ𝑖2:0.0001 and 𝑅2:0.997 coefficients.

4

Metrologia przyszłości. Czy powinniśmy się bać?

Wieczorowski Michał

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2023

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nr 3-4

8--16

PL

Jakie zmiany czekają metrologię w najbliższym czasie? Czy dynamiczny postęp technologiczny sprawi, że pojawią się zupełnie nowe możliwości w tej dziedzinie?

5

Rozwój technik wytwarzania przyrostowego materiałów wybuchowych

Cieślak Piotr, Prasuła Piotr, Czerwińska Magdalena, Wieja Łukasz

Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia

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2023

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R, 52, z. 164

111--131

PL

W ostatnich latach nastąpił gwałtowny rozwój technologii druku 3D. Wytwarzanie przyrostowe obejmuje coraz więcej gałęzi przemysłu, od produkcji bardzo małych i wymagających wysokiej dokładności wykonania elementów w inżynierii biomedycznej do wytwarzania modułów rakiet w przemyśle kosmicznym. Rozpatrywane są również możliwości zastosowań technologii addytywnego wytwarzania w przemyśle zbrojeniowym, gdzie rozwijane są techniki druku obejmujące nie tyko wytwarzanie elementów wyposażenia, ale i bezpośredni druk materiałów wybuchowych. W artykule przedstawiono obecny poziom wiedzy na temat druku 3D materiałów wybuchowych. Ponadto, zaprezentowano najczęściej wykorzystywane techniki wytwarzania przyrostowego oraz ich praktyczne zastosowanie przez różne ośrodki badawczo-rozwojowe. Skupiono się również na scharakteryzowaniu materiałów stosowanych obecnie do druku oraz modyfikacji samych technik wytwarzania.

EN

There has been a rapid development of 3D printing technology at the turn of recent years. Additive manufacturing is expanding into more and more industries, from very small and high-precision components production in biomedical engineering to the manufacture of rocket modules in the aerospace industry. The possibilities of using additive manufacturing technology in the defence industry are also being considered, where printing techniques are being developed, including not only the production of equipment elements, but also direct printing of explosives. The article presents the current level of knowledge on 3D printing of explosives. In addition, the most frequently used techniques of additive manufacturing and their practical application by various research and development facilities were presented. It is also focused on the characterization of materials currently used for printing and the modification of the manufacturing techniques.

6

Wpływ prędkości drukowania 3D na dokładność zarysu kół zębatych

Przybył Bartosz, Kabat Mateusz, Mikołajczyk Jarosław Robert

Obróbka Metalu

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2023

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nr 4

26--30

PL

Badania opisane w niniejszej pracy dotyczą określenia relacji między prędkością drukowania a wartościami odchyłek otrzymanego w procesie drukowanie 3D zarysu kół zębatych. Na podstawie uzyskanych rezultatów badań można stwierdzić, że prędkość drukowania ma istotny wpływ na dokładność drukowanego elementu.

EN

In this paper there were described investigations concern to determine the relationship between the printing speed and the values of the deviations, obtained in the process of 3D printing of the gear outline. Based on the obtained test results, it can be concluded that the printing speed has a significant impact on the accuracy of the printed element.

7

The use of moisture-responsive materials in 4D printing

Al Nahari B.B.M.A., Zarbane K., Beidouri Z.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 119, nr 1

5--13

EN

Purpose The objective of this research paper is to compile a list of key moisture-sensitive smart materials used in 4D printing. These materials have applications in various fields, including industrial and medical, and the list can be used as a reference for creating 4D-printed sensors and actuators. Design/methodology/approach The smart materials used in 4D printing are discussed, and a description of each material is given, including its principle, applications and areas of use. Findings We have discovered a large number of different materials that are sensitive to moisture and have identified those that are most essential for use in 4D printing. Research limitations/implications According to the results of this research, the moisture-sensitive materials used in 4D printing have very limited use and application, and the majority of these materials are still in the research and development stage. Originality/value This review article provides researchers interested in using smart materials to exploit 4D printing in the industrial and medical fields, as well as in many other disciplines, with a means to identify the most widely used and prevalent moisture-sensitive materials.

8

Experimental investigation of mechanical stiffness in lattice structures fabricated with PLA using fused deposition modelling

Eljihad A., Nassraoui M., Bouksou O.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 119, nr 2

60--71

EN

Purpose The objective of the paper is to design and characterise with polylactic acid (PLA) material three cellular structures in the form of lattices which are diagonal-octet-centred shapes for two sizes 6x6x6 and 12x12x12 with a compression test to examine their stiffness using FDM technology compared to polyjet technology. Design/methodology/approach The study used two analytical approaches to investigate lattice structures: experimental analysis and theoretical analysis. Experimental methods such as compression tests were conducted to determine the characteristics of lattice structures. In addition, theoretical analysis was conducted using Hook's law and Ashby's Gibson model to predict appropriate behaviour. The combination of experimental and theoretical methods provided a comprehensive understanding of lattice structures and their properties. Findings The experimental study examined the impact of the shape and size of a lattice structure on the stiffness and lightness of objects 3D printed with FDM technology by PLA material. The research revealed that the 6x6x6 diagonal lattice structure size provided a good balance between stiffness and lightness. While the 6x6x6 byte structure was even lighter, with a mass ratio of 2.09 compared to the diagonal structure, it was less rigid, with a ratio of 0.43, making the diagonal structure more suitable for certain applications. The study highlights the importance of considering both the shape and size of the lattice structure when designing 3D-printed objects with specific mechanical properties; the chosen structure could be a good choice for applications where stiffness and lightness are important. Research limitations/implications The limitations of the research lie in its limited scope, focusing primarily on the effect of shape (octet-diagonal centred) and unit cell size on Young's modulus of PLA material. Other aspects of 3D printing, such as material selection and thermal properties, were not considered. Furthermore, the results obtained are specific to the printing parameters and experimental conditions chosen, which limits their generalizability to other 3D printing configurations or methods. However, these results have important implications for optimising the PLA printing process. They enable the identification of optimal parameters, such as unit cell shape and size, to produce stiffer, higher-quality structures. In addition, the research is helping to improve the mechanical properties of 3D-printed lattice parts, paving the way for more efficient manufacturing methods and stronger components. Practical implications Our analysis can be used as a decision aid for the design of FDM lattice parts. Indeed, we can choose the diagonal structure of 6x6x6, which would provide favourable stiffness for functional parts. Originality/value The paper explores the compression test of lattice structures using FDM technology, which presents a new direction for additive manufacturing. The study takes an experimental approach to evaluate the reliability of various additive manufacturing technologies for creating lattice structures. The study results provide insight into the most reliable technology for producing lattice structures.

9

Comparison of ultrasonic and other atomization methods in metal powder production

Bałasz B., Bielecki M., Gulbiński W., Słoboda Ł.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 116, nr 1

11--24

EN

Purpose: Additive manufacturing (AM) research needs new alloys to grow and offer new functionalities. This paper presents a novel powder production method by means of ultrasonic atomisation (UA). Powders for AM can be obtained from gas atomisation (GA) and a comparative study of UA- vs GA-made powders were carried out. To UA explain the pros & cons more clearly, a summary of the processes was added, along with the analysis of the droplet formation physics. Design/methodology/approach: Ultrasonic atomization (UA) with melting raw material by an electric arc. Characterisation of the powders: particle size distribution (PSD), density, and flowability were carried out. Other parameters, such as microstructure, deviation in the chemical composition and powder surface morphology, were also investigated. Findings: The results showed that the UA powder has a finer average particle size with a narrower statistical distribution of particles than those made by the GA method. Because the UA powder has a higher sphericity and lower porosity, Generally, UA offers better-quality powders in terms of properties such as higher tap density, better flowability and low oxygen content. Research limitations/implications: As an example of semi-industrial scale application of the UA system, the Ti6Al4V and TiAl powders were produced after remelting the wire. The UA system is commercially available for processing any metallic material. Practical implications: The test campaign results showed that the Ti6Al4V powder produced by the ultrasonic atomisation has a similar or better quality as those available from large-scale gas atomisation plants. Originality/value: The new method of UA powder production was analysed in terms of key powder parameters. The properties of the titanium-based powder produced this way were analysed with a view to future applications.

10

Evaluation of properties of polymer-ceramic filaments modified with aluminosilicates for use in 3D printing

Twaróg Rafał, Sendor Michał, Rapacz-Kmita Alicja, Gajek Marcin, Marchewka Jakub, Stodolak-Zych Ewa

Composites Theory and Practice

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2023

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R. 23, nr 1

56--63

EN

A study was conducted on selected nanoclay fillers, i.e. montmorillonite (MMT) or halloysite (HNT) in polylactic acid (PLA) pellets for the manufacture of filaments for 3D printing. A 1-3 weight fraction of the filler was used. In order to compatibilize the nanofiller with the PLA, two methods were employed to facilitate dispersion of the nanoclay particles: using prewetting of the nanoclay in dichloromethane (DCM) and introducing a short-chain plasticizer (polyethylene glycol, PEG200) during the homogenization process. The effectiveness of filler dispersion was verified by performing thermal analysis, i.e. thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DG/DSC), as well as by microscopic observations. The processability of the obtained nanocomposite filament was verified for the finished products manufactured from both of the materials by FDM printing. Mechanical strength and impact tests were conducted on the printed samples. The results showed that the prints made from the nanocomposite filaments have better tensile strength (by 25 and 10% for PLA/HNT and PLA/MMT, respectively) compared to prints made from the pure polymer filament.

11

Prediction of the influence of printing parameters on the residual stress using numerical simulation

Alzyod Hussein, Ficzere Péter

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2022

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Vol. 4, nr 1

150-156

EN

Fused Deposition Modeling is an additive manufacturing technology that is used to create a wide range of parts and applications. Along with its benefits, there are some challenges regarding the printed parts' mechanical properties, which are associated with printing parameters like layer thickness, printing speed, infill density, printing temperature, bed temperature, infill pattern, chamber temperature, and printing orientation. One of the most crucial challenges in additive manufacturing technology is the residual stress, which significantly affects the parts like fatigue life, cracks propagation, distortions, dimensional accuracy, and corrosion resistance. Residual stress is hard to detect in the components and sometimes is costly to investigate. Printing specimens with different parameters costs money and is timeconsuming. In this work, numerical simulation using Digimat-AM software was employed to predict and minimize the residual stress in printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene material using Fused Deposition Modeling technology. The printing was done by choosing six different printing parameters with three values for each parameter. The results showed a significant positive correlation between residual stress and printing temperature and infill percentage and a negative correlation with layer thickness and printing speed. At the same time, we found no effect of the bed temperature on the residual stress. Finally, the minimum residual stress was obtained with a concentric infill pattern.

12

Technologie wytwarzania przyrostowego metali

Wysocki Bartłomiej

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2022

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nr 7-8

69--76

PL

Technologie wytwarzania przyrostowego metali (tzw. druku 3D) zrewolucjonizowały przemysł wytwórczy poprzez umożliwienie produkcji obiektów o dowolnej geometrii z szerokiej gamy materiałów, np. stali, lekkich stopów aluminium, tytanu, szkieł metalicznych, a nawet kompozytów metal – ceramika.

EN

The mechanical properties of additively manufactured (AM) objects often exceed those of castings while properly chosen post-processing technique allows obtaining a surface with roughness required by most industrial applications. However, many companies still do not decide to implement AM technologies in their manufacturing facilities. The biggest barriers which prevent the usage of AM processes in industrial practice are noticed as high costs, unsatisfactory quality of manufactured objects, lack of experience, and a limited range of materials. What are the perspectives for reducing these barriers in the near future and the current possibilities of various AM technologies? How to choose the best metal AM technology for our application? In this article, I will try to answer these and other questions which often appears in industry and academia.

13

Porównanie technologii obróbki skrawaniem oraz wytwarzania przyrostowego elementów wykonanych z tworzyw sztucznych. Cz. I

Wiśniewska Magdalena

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2022

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nr 7-8

46--50

PL

Nikt dziś nie wyobraża sobie nowoczesnego przemysłu wytwórczego bez obróbki skrawaniem. Technologia druku 3D jest natomiast nadal traktowana jako nowa, niesłusznie. Pomimo wielu mitów addytywne i subtraktywne technologie wytwórcze dziś doskonale współdziałają ze sobą, często uzupełniając się lub, w określonych warunkach, zastępując.

14

Strength of threaded connections additively produced from polymeric materials

Dziubek Tomasz, Budzik Grzegorz, Kawalec Andrzej, Dębski Mariusz, Turek Paweł, Oleksy Mariusz, Paszkiewicz Andrzej, Poliński Przemysław, Kochmański Łukasz, Kiełbicki Mateusz, Józwik Jerzy, Kuric Ivan, Cebulski Józef

Polimery

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2022

|

Vol. 67, nr 6

261--270

EN

The article presents the results of strength tests of screw-nut threaded connections made of polymeric materials such as: ABS, PLA, PET-G and acrylic resin. In order to make physical models, three 3D printing techniques were used: Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), and PolyJet. The tests took into account the stresses caused by the axial force generated when the bolt is screwed into the nut or other structural element. Due to the complexity of the issue, the presented studies are only a starting point for further research.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wytrzymałości połączeń gwintowych śruba-nakrętka wykonanych z materiałów polimerowych takich, jak: ABS, PLA, PET-G i żywicy akrylowej. Do wykonania modeli fizycznych stosowano trzy techniki druku 3D: FDM, FFF i PolyJet. W badaniach uwzględniono naprężenia spowodowane działaniem siły osiowej powstającej podczas wkręcania śruby w nakrętkę lub inny element konstrukcyjny. Ze względu na złożoność zagadnienia, przedstawione badania stanowią punkt wyjścia do dalszych badań.

15

Material investigations on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate-based hydrogels for additive manufacturing considering different molecular weights

Klimaschewski Sven F., Küpperbusch Janine, Kunze Annika, Vehse Mark

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 6, No 1

33--41

EN

The aim of this case study is to generate several poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate-based hydrogels using additive manufacturing processes. The interest here is in determining different material properties. The test specimens are produced using a commercial stereolithography system. For this purpose, three formulations are prepared. The basis in each case is PEGDA with average molecular weights of 700 Mn, 575 Mn and 250 Mn. A photoinitiator and a UV absorber are added to ensure spatial and temporal cross-linking. Furthermore, the formulations are tested for their material properties according to ISO standards using tensile, compression and hardness tests. An equivalence can be found in the tensile and compression tests. The results with the molecular weights of 700 Mn and 575 Mn show values close to each other. However, the results of the material tests with the molecular weight of 250 Mn are ten times higher. The Shore A hardness values also correlate with the previous tests. These results between molecular weight and material property are particularly striking. A novel aspect of this method could be that the properties determined of these tailor-made high-performance polymers can be applied to different areas of application in an organism.

16

In-situ metal matrix composites development for additive manufacturing: a perspective

Essien U. A., Vaudreuil S.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 111, nr 2

78--85

EN

Purpose: This paper presents an overview on some ceramic materials capable of achieving in-situ reinforcements in Al/Al-alloy metal matrix composites (MMCs) during laser processing. It also presents perspective on further exploitation of the in-situ reinforcement capabilities for high quality MMCs feedstock material development. Design/methodology/approach: The approach utilized in writing this paper encompasses the review of relevant literature on additive manufacturing (AM) of MMCs. Findings: It is widely accepted that the in-situ reinforcement approach has proven to be more advantageous than the ex-situ approach. Though there are still some challenges like the formation of detremental phases and the evaporation of low melting temperature elements, the in-situ reinforcement approach can be used to tailor design composite powder feedstock materials for the AM of MMCs. The preprocessing or tailor-designing in-situ metal matrix composite powder before laser melting into desired components holds more promises for metal additive manufacturing. Practical implications: The need for the development of MMCs powder feedstock that can be directly fabricated using suitable AM technique without prior powder processing like blending or mechanical alloying has not yet been addressed Therefore, having a pre-processed in-situ reinforced MMC feedstock powder can encourage easy fabrication of MMC and other advantages of AM technologies powder recycling. Originality/value: The idea explained in this article is relevant to materials development for AM processing of metal matrix composite. This paper has pointed out future trends for MMCs materials feedstock powder development and new ideas for further exploitation of MMCs and AM technologies. The advantages of tailor-designing composite powders other than merely mixing them has been emphasized.

17

Computational intelligence in development of 3D printing and reverse engineering

Rojek Izabela, Mikołajewski Dariusz, Nowak Joanna, Szczepański Zbigniew, Macko Marek

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2022

|

Vol. 70, nr 1

art. no. e140016

EN

Computational intelligence (CI) can adopt/optimize important principles in the workflow of 3D printing. This article aims to examine to what extent the current possibilities for using CI in the development of 3D printing and reverse engineering are being used, and where there are still reserves in this area. Methodology: A literature review is followed by own research on CI-based solutions. Results: Two ANNs solving the most common problems are presented. Conclusions: CI can effectively support 3D printing and reverse engineering especially during the transition to Industry 4.0. Wider implementation of CI solutions can accelerate and integrate the development of innovative technologies based on 3D scanning, 3D printing, and reverse engineering. Analyzing data, gathering experience, and transforming it into knowledge can be done faster and more efficiently, but requires a conscious application and proper targeting.

18

Adaptive GFRP rotor blades and additive manufacturing of the molding tools

Ost Lucas, Seidlitz Holger, Kuke Felix, Yellur Manoja Rao, Krenz Jonas, Ulke-Winter Lars

Zarządzanie Przedsiębiorstwem

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2021

|

Vol. 24, nr 1-2

15--18

EN

Small wind turbines are mostly designed for strong and medium wind regions, which are scaled by manufacturers based on similarity rules. However, the inland region represents a low wind region where the commercially available blades are not profitable. In this work, a rotor blade was designed for these wind conditions and further performance improvement of the turbine was generated by self-adaptive adjustment of the blades to the variable wind loads. This adaptation is achieved by a ply structure that exhibits bending-torsion coupling. The tooling for the production of the GFRP rotor blades was manufactured using a large-format 3D extrusion printer.

19

Niezawodne i wydajniejsze wykończenie powierzchni plastikowych części 3D

Świat Obrabiarek i Narzędzi

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2021

|

R. 16, nr 3

26

20

Zastosowanie systemów CAD i RP w projektowaniu i prototypowaniu rotomatu. Cz. II

Sobolewski Bartłomiej, Wolańska Maja

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

|

2021

|

nr 7-8

80--82

PL

W artykule przedstawiono proces projektowania i prototypowania rotomatu, ukazując możliwości współczesnych zaawansowanych systemów wspomagania projektowania oraz technik wytwarzania przyrostowego. W konstrukcji rotomatu zastosowano nietypowe rozwiązanie konstrukcyjne układu napędowego, zapewniające uzyskanie dużego przełożenia przekładni. W konstrukcji zaś całego urządzenia bazowano na rozwiązaniu z układem żyroskopowym. W toku prac projektowych do sprawdzenia poprawności przeprowadzono analizę dynamiczną, dzięki której możliwe było szybkie określenie rozkładu obciążeń panującego w konstrukcji podczas pracy.