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2 2022

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The MEMS-based barometric altimeter inaccuracy and drift phenomenon

Matyja Tomasz, Kubik Andrzej, Stanik Zbigniew

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

2022

z. 116

141--162

MEMS technology has made sensors for measuring barometric pressure and altitude above sea level very cheap and widely used in many consumer electronic devices. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the sources and types of errors in the barometric altimeter using the standard atmosphere model (ISA). Methods for correcting principal errors caused by non-standard sea level conditions are described and compared. A method of correcting errors in the case of altimeter horizontal movement to the air column and total pressure measurement was proposed. It was compared with another method known from the literature. In the numerical experiment, data recorded by a bicycle computer equipped with a MEMS-based barometric altimeter was analyzed. As the GPS data of the route covered was also known, it was possible to compare the recorded altimeter data with the heights determined from the digital terrain model (DTM), which in this case were considered accurate. The error of the measured altitude calculated in this way was tried to be divided into the principal error, the external error caused by the sensor movement, and the barometer drift. Hence, a numerical experiment was carried out in which, based on the recorded data, an attempt was made to reconstruct non-standard sea level conditions and the impact of speed on the sensor measurements. Furthermore, a method of solving such a reverse problem was proposed. The results of the presented studies can be used in the design of systems correcting the indications of barometric altimeters. The accuracy of the altitude measurement is especially important for small controlled flying objects (UAH) and when recording the route of vehicles moving on the ground.

Impact of the Static Pressure Measurement Accuracy on Barometric Altimeter Errors

Stanik Zbigniew, Matyja Tomasz, Kubik Andrzej

Safety & Defense

2022

62--71

The horizontal movement of the pressure sensor in relation to air masses may cause erroneous indications of the altimeter due to the possible measurement of the total pressure, which is the sum of the static and dynamic pressure. This problem mainly concerns devices of small dimensions equipped with barometric altimeters made in MEMS technology, performing complex movements. Small dimensions make it difficult to arrange the pressure intake slots in a way that ensures the measurement of static pressure. Examples include drones (UAH) or bike computers. The aim of the research was to develop an altitude correction formula depending on the speed of the pressure sensor relative to air, which, contrary to those found in the literature, would take into account changes in air density with altitude. The theoretical analysis of the influence of the speed of movement on the indications of the barometric altimeter was evaluated in this paper based on the standard atmosphere model. Methods of correcting errors caused by the measurement of total pressure were proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed methods was verified with simulations (Matlab). Experimental studies were also carried out, which confirmed the theoretical considerations. The experiments performed showed that the problem of correcting errors caused by incorrect measurement of static pressure is very complex. The inertia of the barometer indications plays an important role. The direction of airflow and pressure distribution on the flowing object are also important. The results presented in this paper can be used in the design of systems that improve the quality of barometric altimeter readings. This is particularly important when designing low-budget drone navigation systems and it will improve flight safety.