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1
Obciążenia statyczne w miejscu pracy. Metody oceny
Ignac-Nowicka Jolanta
Promotor BHP
|
2022
|
nr 6
48--57
PL
Wykonywanie pracy często wiąże się z występowaniem obciążeń statycznych. Jakie wyróżnia się metody ich oceny?
2
Content available Effects of vibration and passive resting on muscle stiffness and restitution after submaximal exercise analyzed by elastography
Chwała Wiesław, Pogwizd Paweł
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
|
2021
|
Vol. 23, no. 2
3--11
EN
Purpose: The research aimed to assess the influence of vibration therapy on acceleration of muscles regeneration process after physical effort. Verification of the pace of motor capabilities recovery in fatigued muscles was performed with the use of the measurement method applying shear-wave elastography. It took into account an alteration in muscle stiffness affected by created passive stresses and accompanying deformations connected with muscles work above their resting length. Methods: The research included 42 young males aged 20–24. They all were a homogeneous group regarding body build indices (body height 175.4 ± 8.1 cm; body mass 75.5 ± 8.32 kg) and the level of physical activity. Muscles of lower limbs (hip and knee joints extensors and flexors plantaris) were subject to submaximal exercise of the auxotonic muscle work character after a 90 s warm-up. The exercise comprised 20-fold overcoming the load at the level of 75% of maximal strength abilities without rest, by alternating between extension and flexion of lower limbs joints at the leg press placed at 45° angle upward and monitoring of angle setting of lower limbs joints. The post-exercise restitution used a vibration stimulus of variable frequency ranging from 20 to 50 Hz and amplitude of 0.5 mm, and passive resting in the control group. For an objective assessment of the applied vibration effect, a 5-fold measurement of rectus femoris muscles stiffness of both limbs at the middle of venter took place after each stage of the experiment. Results: After warm-up, a considerable increase of the examined muscles stiffness, that did not vary significantly, was observed. In the DW experimental group (vibration massage), where post-exercise restitution was enhanced by vibration, significantly lower values of muscle stiffness were registered after each of the post-exercise regeneration stages in relation to the DB control group (passive rest). After the I regeneration stage, a value of the Δ σ _r1-s variable ( p < 0.05) lower by 16% was noticed in favour of the group enhanced by vibration. Whereas, values of muscles stiffness after the II stage of regeneration, Δ σ _r2-s were by 14% lower in favour of DW group ( p < 0.005). Conclusions: Enhancement of the post-exercise relaxation of muscles by vibration treatment significantly lowered the values of post-exercise muscles stiffness and turned out to be a more effective method of restitution than passive resting. Recovery of the level of muscles stiffness from before the exercise was much slower in the control group than in the one enhanced by vibration. The improved method of muscle stiffness measurement with the use of shear-wave elastography with a special head attachment turned out to be a useful tool to assess post-exercise muscles restitution.
3
Content available Analysis of Insole Material Impact on Comfort During Physical Exertion
Serweta W., Olejniczak Z., Woźniak B.
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
|
2018
|
Vol. 26, no. 2 (128)
100--103
EN
Insole material is an important factor determining the hygienic properties of shoes. It has a significant impact on health and comfort while wearing them. In this paper, the authors describe a scenario of three insole materials: flank leather, cellulose material and composite leather. Quantitative research was done using five upper materials: calfskin full and top grain leather, “buffalo” bovine leather, a soft type of grain leather, and aniline veal skin type “cool”. Qualitative analysis was performed using 3D knitted fabrics as lining. The statistical significance of the differences obtained within the groups analysed is that they prove the impact of insole material on comfort.
PL
Materiały wykorzystywane na podpodeszwy w sposób znaczący wpływają na walory higieniczne obuwia. Przekłada się to jednocześnie na komfort jego użytkowania, a tym samym uwydatniają się jego aspekty zdrowotne. W pracy przedstawiono studium trzech rodzajów materiałów podpodeszwowych, stanowiących elementy składowe obuwia skórzanego: materiał celulozowy, skórę naturalną – bok blankowy oraz wtórną skórę podpodeszwową. Do badań wykorzystano materiały wierzchnie wykonane z pięciu rodzajów skór bydlęcych, takich jak: boks, nubuk, buffalo, bukat oraz skóra naturalna cielęca. Porównania jakościowego w zakresie wpływu zastosowanej podeszwy na odczucie komfortu użytkowania gotowego obuwia dokonano w obrębie podszewek wykonanych z dzianin dystansowych. Istotność statystyczna uzyskanych wyników potwierdziła wpływ rodzaju zastosowanej podeszwy na wartości współczynnika dyskomfortu uzyskanego z badań symulacyjnych na uczestnikach.
4
Preventive strength training improves working ergonomics during welding
Kruger K., Petermann C., Pilat C., Schubert E., Pons-Kuhnemann J., Mooren F. C.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
|
2015
|
Vol. 21, No. 2
150--157
EN
To investigate the effect of a preventive strength training program on cardiovascular, metabolic and muscular strains during welding. Welders are one of the occupation groups which typically have to work in extended forced postures which are known to be an important reason for musculoskeletal disorders. Subjects (exercise group) accomplished a 12-week strength training program, while another group served as controls (control group). Pre and post training examinations included the measurements of the one repetition maximum and an experimental welding test. Local muscle activities were analysed by surface electromyography. Furthermore, heart rate, blood pressure, lactate and rating of perceived exertion were examined. In the exercise group, strength training lead to a significant increase of one repetition maximum in all examined muscles (p<.05). During the experimental welding test muscle activities of trunk and shoulder muscles and arm muscles were significantly reduced in the exercise group after intervention (p<.05). While no changes of neither cardiovascular nor metabolic parameters were found, subjects of the exercise group rated a significantly decreased rate of perceived exertion welding (p<.05). Effects of strength training can be translated in an improved working ergonomics and tolerance against the exposure to high physical demands at work.
5
Content available Investigation of mutual aerobic and lower limb muscular activity during cycling
Griskevicius P., Daunoraviciene K., Pauk J., Troskovas V.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
|
2015
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Vol. 17, no. 2
109--118
EN
The evaluation of physical activity is a complex task that requires performing an analysis of muscular activity and aerobic/anaerobic threshold and it is often difficult to observe and propose a single method. The purpose of the article is to evaluate a relation between aerobic capacity and activity of lower limb muscles via changes of muscle’s EMG signal during physical, sub-maximal veloergometric loading. The activity parameters of 5 lower limb muscles such as semitendinosus, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius medialis, and tibialis anterior were measured and analyzed during the veloergometric exercise tests and the heart rate and the aerobic capacity were estimated from registered data. The obtained aerobic parameters allow setting an individual and overall voluntary physical capacity. The regression oxygen function presented allows analyzing and predicting the ability of subjects to generate energy while maintaining muscle activity during the exercise. The correlation between the consumption of oxygen and constant physical loading time is determined. It was found that comparing VO2max capabilities the physical effort in the male group was 16% higher than in women. Oxygen consumption and maximum muscle effort dependency on the load time was established. It was observed that the maximal muscular effort appeared before VO2max reached maximal limit in both groups. The maximal oxygen consumption is achieved in the middle or sometimes at the beginning (depending on load) of exercise while maximal muscular effort was found in several phases of cycling: at the beginning and at the end of loading time.
6
Content available Effect of Background Music on Maximum Acceptable Weight of Manual Lifting Tasks
Yu R.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
|
2014
|
Vol. 20, No. 3
437--445
EN
This study used the psychophysical approach to investigate the impact of tempo and volume of background music on the maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of participants engaged in lifting. Ten male college students participated in this study. They lifted a box from the floor, walked 1–2 steps as required, placed the box on a table and walked back twice per minute. The results showed that the tempo of music had a significant effect on both MAWL and HR. Fast tempo background music resulted in higher MAWL and HR values than those resulting from slow tempo music. The effects of both the tempo and volume on the RPE were insignificant. The results of this study suggest fast tempo background music may be used in manual materials handling tasks to increase performance without increasing perceived exertion because of its ergogenic effect on human psychology and physiology.
7
Content available Koncepcja systemu do pomiaru temperatury podczas prób wysiłkowych u dzieci
Rafiński L., Łuszczyk M.
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
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2013
|
R. 59, nr 6
582--585
PL
Odpowiednia podaż tlenu i gwarancja prawidłowego metabolizmu tlenowego organizmu należą do głównych czynników determinujących wydolność fizyczną człowieka oraz możliwość kontynuowania przez niego wysiłku fizycznego. Od lat trwają badania nad instrumentami pomocnymi w ocenie zmian przystosowawczych oraz adaptacyjnych, zachodzących pod wpływem wysiłku fizycznego oraz treningu fizycznego. W przypadku grup pediatrycznych poddawanych pomiarom w warunkach wysiłku fizycznego, pożądane są narzędzia bezpieczne, łatwe w użyciu, niezależne od wieku i płci, łatwo dostępne, przenośne, niedrogie oraz umożliwiające pomiar w czasie rzeczywistym, nieinwazyjny i powtarzalny. Prócz tych wskazań istotne jest, aby stanowiły one system umożliwiający szybką ocenę zmian i interpretację wyników, co zwiększałoby bezpieczeństwo przeprowadzania badań. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono koncepcję systemu pomiarowego do pomiaru temperatury podczas prób wysiłkowych u dzieci. System projektowano z założeniem wykorzystania w badaniach potwierdzających uzyskane z wcześniejszych badań zależności między oksygenacją tkanki mózgowej, wybranymi parametrami spiroergometrycznymi (pCO2) a temperaturą skóry w okolicach tej samej tkanki.
EN
The response of adult organisms to physical exercise and physical training is well documented. The same, however, cannot be said about children. This situation is the result of ethical problems of measuring a child’s body response. A great deal of important information concerning the integrated pulmonary–cardiovascular–muscle metabolic response to exercise can be acquired from the breath-by-breath measurement of pulmonary gas exchange (PGE) during ramp incremental exercise tests – CPET (cardiopulmonary exercise test). The authors decided to add a temperature measurement to the standard measurement techniques when designing a measurement system. The body temperature is a parameter that differs children and adults. The physical as well as physiological differences between children and adults may explain a different response to thermal stress [7]. The paper presents the design of a new measurement system customized for measurements of human body temperature during exercise tests (CPET) for children. The temperature measurement system was designed to be used as a complementary part of the measurement system used during cardiopulmonary tests. In the paper there are also given the test results of a prototype of the temperature measurement system. Based on the tests one can conclude that the designed system allows for the temperature measurement of chosen parts of the child’s body during endurance tests using a non-invasive and fairly comfortable method. The use of the designed system should allow for further investigation of the relation between skin temperature and hemoglobin oxygenation [6] and the assumption that temperature changes, monitored in the real time, are a possible factor in determining the maximum intensity of an exercise, especially for children exercise tests. The extra information provided will allow for an increase of the safety of exercise tests, especially for children.
8
Content available Analiza temperatury powierzchni skóry u pacjentów z niedokrwieniem kończyn dolnych
Fiodorenko-Dumas Ż., Paprocka-Borowicz M., Dumas I.
Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna
|
2012
|
Vol. 18, nr 3
177--181
PL
Niedokrwienie kończyn dolnych jest chorobą spowodowaną zmianami w tętnicach. Postęp w motoryzacji, nieprawidłowe odżywianie, stres, palenie papierosów i inne nałogi sprzyjają rozwojowi miażdżycy kończyn dolnych. Celem pracy było przedstawienie wstępnych wyników badań wpływu przewlekłego niedokrwienia kończyn dolnych na dynamikę zmian temperatury w obrębie wybranych obszarów ciała. Dynamika i progresja zmian miażdżycowych oraz spadek temperatury w obrębie kończyn dolnych, są różne w zależności od stopnia niedokrwienia. W pracy przedstawiono porównanie badań termowizyjnych przeprowadzonych wśród osób chorych i zdrowych.
EN
The ischaemia of lower limbs is a disease caused by arteries lesions. The motorization, incorrect nutrition, stress, smoking and other addictions are factors that thay may lead to the progress of the arteriosclerosis of lower limbs. The aim of the paper was to present preliminary results of the studies on the influence of chronic ischaemia of lower limbs on the temperature distribution within the selected body areas. The dynamics and the progression of atherosclerotic changes, as well as the decrease of temperature of the lower limbs skin, depend upon the progress of ischaemia. The comparison of thermovision examinations performed on ill and healthy people, is presented.
9
Content available Ocena uciążliwości wysiłku fizycznego na stanowisku kelnera metodą chronometrażowo-tabelaryczną Lehmanna oraz metodą OWAS
Jędruszczak J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Zarządzania Ochroną Pracy w Katowicach
|
2011
|
Nr 1(7)
135-157
PL
Praca obejmuje ogólną charakterystykę wysiłku fizycznego, charakterystykę stanowiska pracy kelnera oraz charakterystykę metod: tabelarycznej Lehmanna oraz OWAS. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badania stanowiska pracy kelnera obu metodami i porównano je, aby ocenić, która z metod jest skuteczniejsza w ocenie uciążliwości wysiłku fizycznego na stanowisku kelnera. Badania były prowadzone przez rok w jednej restauracji.
EN
The paper includes general characteristic of physical effort, description of the waiter work position and the characterization of two methods: Lehmann and OWAS. The paper presents the results of research, which were carried of the waiter work, positions both methods. The results of research were compared to estimate, which methods is more effective estimation of the physical effort on the waiter position. Research were conducted for a year period in chosen restaurant.
10
Poziom bezpieczeństwa i czynniki kształtujące środowisko pracy
Nowakowska I.
Problemy Jakości
|
2011
|
R. 43, nr 2
13-17
EN
This paper presents the impact of work environment factors on improving the level of safety. It is worth to remember that the influence of those factors on man is undeniable. Depending on the nature of the work environment factor they are classified as being onerous, harmful or dangerous. Due to the group of the factors, they affect a greater or lesser extent on the well-being of the employee. It is so important issue because the health status and employee attitudes correlate directly with effectiveness of the work process. Therefore, it is important to realize the presence of such a factors, to control them and mitigate their influence on workers.
11
Content available remote Influence of sportswear made from polyester and man-made cellulosic fibres on the energy cost of physical effort
Zimniewska M., Laurentowska M., Bogacz E., Kryściak J., Domaszewska K., Zimniewska O.
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
|
2010
|
Vol. 18, no. 3 (80)
94--99
EN
In the over-saturated global textile market , consumers have growing expectations towards its goods. The producers who develop new technologies for giving textiles additional functions can gain a considerable advantage in the clothing market. This trend is forcing scientists to investigate new methods of clothing evaluation because present physical-mechanical tests do not guarantee the creation of a multi-faceted opinion on the properties of a textile. One of the new methods applied for clothes investigation was developed at the Institute of Natural Fibres. This method involves the use of electromyographic EMG medical records for the determination of the influence of clothing on muscle activity. The results of the study showed that everyday clothing can be the cause of an increased tendency to tiredness. The aim of the current study was the investigation of the influence of different types of sportswear on the physiological parameters and energy cost of volunteers in sports conditions. The garments tested were prepared with the application of cellulosic and synthetic fibres. This paper presents the results of the experiment conducted within the studies. The volunteers taking part in the experiment were asked to wear test clothes made from 100% TENCEL® /fibres, 100% polyester fibres, or a TENCEL® /polyester blend and do 10-minutes of physical exercise on a running track. Physiological as well as respiratory and circulatory system parameters for estimation of the energy cost of physical effort were monitored in the case of each subject wearing different types of sportswear. The results of the study show statistically significant differences in the parameters measured for the different types of sportswear tested. Especially, the energy cost of the volunteers’ physical effort was lowest with garments made from a TENCEL® /polyester blend. This effect can be connected to better moisture management, which supported the body’s temperature regulation, leading to a lower energy cost of the given performance.
PL
Celem badań było wyznaczenie kosztu energetycznego standardowego wysiłku fizycznego z użyciem różnych typów odzieży, w które ubrane były badane osoby. Badano trzy rodzaje odzieży: wytworzoną z włókien celulozowych TENCEL ® /, z włókien poliestrowych oraz z mieszanek tych włókien. Ochotnicy biorący udział w eksperymencie, ubrani w badany rodzaj odzieży, pokonywali wysiłek fizyczny polegający na 10 – minutowym biegu na bieżni. Przed rozpoczęciem biegu, bezpośrednio po zejściu z bieżni, jak również po okresie stabilizacji pulsu, badana była wilgotność i temperatura skóry. W sposób ciągły rejestrowano również kształtowanie się parametrów charakteryzujących funkcję układu oddechowego posługując się przenośnym analizatorem gazów. Badane parametry pozwoliły na określenie, metodą kalorymetrii pośredniej w układzie otwartym, wydatku energetycznego wysiłku fizycznego. Rezultaty badań pokazały, iż rodzaj noszonej odzieży może mieć wpływ na wartość kosztu energetycznego wysiłku fizycznego. Najniższą wartość tego parametru zarejestrowano u ochotników ubranych w odzież wytworzoną z mieszanki włókien TENCEL ® / poliester.
12
Content available Krioterapia w odnowie biologicznej sportowców – przegląd badań
Jonak A., Skrzek A.
Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna
|
2009
|
Vol. 15, nr 4
319-321
PL
W ostatnich latach obserwujemy wzrost zainteresowania nowoczesnymi formami odnowy biologicznej u sportowców. W pracy przedstawiono przegląd niektórych doniesień w literaturze polskiej i zagranicznej na temat wpływu krioterapii na organizm sportowców i osób aktywnych fizycznie.
EN
In the last years many studies are devoted to the biological regeneration. In this paper, a review of some Polish and foreign reports concerning the influence of cryotherapy on the organism of athletes and physically active people, is presented.
13
Content available remote Pokonać stres
Piekarski Waldemar
Wiedza Obronna
|
2008
|
nr 4
81--87
14
Content available remote Fatigue-induced changes in tremor caused by physical efforts of different volume and intensity
Gajewski J.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
|
2006
|
Vol. 8, nr 2
103-110
EN
The aim of the study was to compare the changes in tremor after two exercises. Twelve male kayakers and seventeen male PE students participated in the study. The kayakers performed a specific kayak ergometer test. The students performed bilateral elbow flexion/extension with a barbell. Tremor was measured accelerometrically pre-exercise and then 10 and 30 min after the last bout. The tremor spectra were computed for each subject. Fatigue evoked in both tests brought about dramatic increases in tremor amplitude. The changes observed after strength training were greater but recovered faster than those after ergometer test.
15
Fizjologiczne i psychotechniczne aspekty użytkowania indywidualnych ochron przez funkcjonariuszy Policji, Straży Pożarnej i Straży Granicznej
Goch J. H.
Techniczne Wyroby Włókiennicze
|
2001
|
R. 9, nr 1/2
36-38
16
Content available Box Handling in the Loading and Unloading of Vans
Lortie M., Baril-Gingras G.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
|
1998
|
Vol. 4, No. 1
3--18
EN
The handling of 2,306 boxes being loaded or unloaded from vans onto or from 4-wheeled trolleys by 31 handlers in a warehouse were characterized. Handling was videotaped and characterized through an analysis grid completed by three trained observers. The following execution parameters were observed: nature of the exertion applied by the upper limbs, plane and direction of the exertion, resulting displacement of the box, grip, use of the lower limbs and the back. Results show that execution parameters used by handlers vary considerably from those usually recommended or studied. For example, symmetric grips were rarely used (4%). The grip was modified during the handling of half the boxes. Significant knee flexion was rarely observed (3% of exertions). Each box was moved by applying an average of . 3.5 different exertions. Exertions were mostly applied in a plane parallel to the shoulders; they were rarely executed in a strict sagittal plane (11%). The implication of these observations are discussed.
17
Content available remote Wysiłek w gorącym środowisku i starzenie się człowieka
Marszałek A.
Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka
|
1998
|
nr 2
11-13
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