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Implementation of skateboard for arm movement rehabilitation of stroke patients

Anontree Kravee, Tanaphatsiri Chaiya

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

2019

R. 95, nr 7

72--75

The objectives of this research were (1) to design and implement a skateboard for arm movement rehabilitation, (2) to apply a skateboard in stroke patients who need constant restoration of arm movements, (3) to produce cost-effective rehabilitation tools, (4) to provide guidelines for the development of medical applications with a skateboard for arm movement rehabilitation which can work in all four modes in the direction of the arm movements. The first mode consisted of the movement in the left-right direction, the second mode was the movement in the forward-backward direction, the third mode moved in the circular direction, and the fourth mode moved in number 8-shapaed direction (clockwise and counterclockwise).The developed skateboard could adjust the speed of the movement of three levels including LOW, MEDIUM and HIGH to meet the patients’ needs. The number of physical therapy sessions can also be set as needed. There was also an LCD display for ease of use. It could be concluded that skateboard could properly rehabilitate arm movement at the desired direction and speed. The skateboard could be able to meet the basic needs of the weak arm exercise. Moreover, there was also a display making it easy for users to quickly access information, reducing the duration of patient treatment. It also could excellently reduce the workload of physical therapists.

W artykule przedstawiono wykorzystanie deskorolki do rehabilitacji pacjentów z niedowładem ręki po wylewie. Odpowiedni układ steruje ruchem kół napędzanych silnikiem prądu stałego. Możliwy jest ruch w dowolnym kierunku i z dowolną prędkością.

The impact of inundation-isolation cycles on the culturable bacterioplankton in the Danube River floodplain

Palijan G., Bogut I., Vidakovic J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2008

Vol. 56, nr 3

391-401

The investigation was conducted in the Kopacki Rit Nature Park (eastern Croatia) which is established to protect the floodplain area of the Danube River. The samples were collected monthly in four sites (channels and lakes) with increasing distance from the river. The aim of investigation was to examine trophic structure of culturable bacterioplankton in relation to inundation-isolation cycles on sampling sites with unequal degree of connection with the Danube river. A change in the ratio of copiotrophs (r-strategists) to oligotrophs (K-strategists) was expected as the different organic carbon sources emerged. The composition of variables was revealed by Principal Component Analysis of abiotic water properties (temperature, water depth, transparency, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nutrient concentrations) and the chlorophyll-a concentration. Scores of significant components were used in a Multiple Regression as independent variables and the relationship between the scores and abundance of colony forming units (CFUs) was examined. Regression model was significant only for copiotrophs, and their relative dominance was noticed in couple of samples on more isolated sampling sites. In all other samples oligotrophs were a dominant group, especially during the flood pulses or drainage after it. Their elevated abundance was equally distributed in all groups revealed by Principal Component Analysis, and corresponds to the fluvial action. Also concerning the [eta] squared and R squared values from the two-way ANOVA (sites/samplings) oligotrophs are highly influenced by the sampling period i.e. inundation-isolation cycles. They are probably driven by the allochthonous organic matter provided by floods or have allochthonous origin itself. At the same time, copiotrophs are to some extent coupled with the established water properties, i. e. bottom-up controlled and their abundance is influenced by the localisation of sampling sites in the floodplain. These results describe the development of the conditions that promote habitat specific succession of the culturable bacterioplankton. Established differences had disappeared after additional inundation-isolation cycles.