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Methane slip during cargo operations on LNG carriers and LNG-fueled vessels

Herdzik Jerzy

New Trends in Production Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 1, Iss. 1

293--299

EN

In this paper was presented the problems of methane leakages during cargo operations on LNG carriers. Also the leakages are possible on LNG fueled vessels. Due to green-house effect from methane on the atmosphere it should be done some measures to avoid it. Building the cargo tanks with very high capacity, utilization of better thermal insulations limits the quantity of boil-off (BOG). It is used as a fuel in marine power plant, only the overage should be liquefied again. The leakages attend all cargo operations which methane goes directly to the atmosphere through pressure-vacuum valves and gas freeing installation to mast riser or by the ventilation system from cargo pump or compressor room. To minimize the slip on LNG carriers the re-liquefaction systems are installed. They are based on cooling systems which boil-off gas (mainly methane) is liquefied at ambient pressure in temperature about - 161.5°C by pre-cooled nitrogen gas at temperature about -180°C. Compressed nitrogen to a pressure about 25MPa through multistage compressors with intercooling systems is expanded step by step (in intercoolers) to pressure about ambient reaches the temperature about -180°C. The re-liquefaction system needs delivering a lot of electric energy. The total level of methane leakages from mining to the last consumer may be different and sometimes very high. The leakage level starts as minimal 1% and may be raised up to 10%. It was indicated the undertaken actions and next possibilities of methane slip limitations.

2

The protection against methane leakage from undermined areas

Hudecek V., Zapletal P., Zubicek V.

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2015

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R. 16, nr 1

115--120

EN

The risk of uncontrolled escape of firedamp is one of the major manifestations of closing coal mines in the Ostrava – Karviná District in the Czech Republic. Mining activity was also carried out in areas close to urban or suburban development in the city of Ostrava, including its historical district. The article presents aspects of dealing with the hazards as well as measures that have been implemented with respect to the risk of uncontrolled escape of firedamp. It outlines some of the applied approaches and equipment, which can eliminate this hazard. The figures included in the article document the current state of the solution.

PL

Ryzyko niekontrolowanego wycieku metanu jest jednym z głównych argumentów osób opowiadających się za zamknięciem Kopalni w Ostrava – Karviná District w Czechach. Działalność kopalni prowadzona była również na obszarach będących blisko zabudowań miasta Ostrava i jego okolic, włączając w to dzielnice historyczne. W artykule opisane są aspekty radzenia sobie z zagrożeniami, jak również pomiary zastosowane z myślą o ryzyku niekontrolowanego wycieku metanu. Przytoczone są niektóre ze stosowanych metod i wyposażeń, które mogą wyeliminować zagrożenie. Ilustracje zamieszczone w artykule obrazują aktualny stan rozwiązań.

3

Nowe metody kontroli szczelności sieci i instalacji gazu ziemnego, z wykorzystaniem ręcznych detektorów laserowych do zdalnego wykrywania wycieków metanu

Demusiak G.

Nafta-Gaz

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2010

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R. 66, nr 4

287-296

PL

W artykule przedstawiono nowe metody kontroli szczelności sieci i instalacji gazu ziemnego z wykorzystaniem ręcznych detektorów laserowych, do zdalnego wykrywania wycieków metanu. Przedstawiono specyfikę dostępnych obecnie komercyjnie urządzeń oraz omówiono zalety i ograniczenia metody.

EN

New methods of gas networks and gas services tightness control with use of handheld laser remote methane detectors were presented in the paper. Different commercial devices were presented and advantages and limitations of the method were discussed.