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PL
Dane finansowe stanowią istotny element w procesie wyceny przedsiębiorstwa. Artykuł jest próbą określenia związku miedzy sytuacją nansową przedsiębiorstw, a jego wartością. Artykuł zawiera informacje dotyczące systemu rachunkowości i możliwości określenia sytuacji finansowej oraz analizę finansową przedsiębiorstwa i jej wpływ na jego wartość.
EN
Financial data are an important element in the valuation of the company. The article attempts to determine the relationship between the financial situation of enterprises, and its value. The article contains information about the accounting system and t its impact on its value.
EN
This article shows the main forms of market structures in the global economy. In early years of the United States, a monopoly usually meant an organization to which the government had granted some exclusive privilege. The monopolist was thus the sole legal seller. Competition is a process in which competitors engage. We cannot have competition without competitors. It does not seem as obvious to people that we also cannot have competition if we prohibit competitors from taking actions intended to increase their share of the market. So there is a very important for enterprises to know the type and the scale of the market structures.
PL
W literaturze przedmiotu można spotkać opinię, że bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w coraz większym stopniu będą dominowały pod postacią fuzji i przejęć przedsiębiorstw. W opracowaniu poruszona została tematyka wyceny procesu przejęcia, która jest pojęciem szerszym od wyceny kandydata do przejęcia. Obejmuje ona zarówno analizę i wycenę kandydata, jak i ocenę wpływu dokonywanej transakcji na łączną wartość obu podmiotów po jej zrealizowaniu. Zatem decyzja o przejęciu wymaga oszacowania zarówno korzyści, których miarą jest przyrost wartości rynkowej przedsiębiorstwa nabywającego oraz wartość rynkowa przedsiębiorstwa nabytego, jak i kosztów - czyli ceny zapłaconej za nabycie, W opracowaniu poruszono także kwestię motywów przejęcia (które są jednocześnie motywami BIZ), które są dla nabywcy źródłami wartości dodanej determinującymi wybór metod wyceny kandydata do przejęcia. Podstawową metodą wyceny kandydata jest metoda zdyskontowanych przepływów pieniężnych. Pozostałe metody, tj. mnożnikowe i majątkowe mają znaczenie pomocnicze, które poza funkcją informacyjną służą w głównej mierze do oszacowania wartości przedsiębiorstwa z punktu widzenia właścicieli podmiotu nabywanego.
EN
The existing literature on international activity seems to suggest that acquisitions and mergers have become to a large extant a dominant mode of foreign direct investment (FDI). The article discusses the problem of the acquisition process valuation which is a wider concept than the valuation of acquired company. It encompasses both the analysis and the valuation of the taking over company and the impact of the acquisition on the total value of both companies - buying and acquired. Therefore the decision about the acquisition requires not only the appraisal of profits, which are reflected in the growth of the buying company market value and the acquired company market value, but also the appraisal of costs which are equal to purchase price. The paper also identifies acquisition motives (which are at the same time FDI motives). The motives are sources of the added value for the buyers determining the choice of the valuation method. The fundamental valuation method of the company is the discounted cash flow method. The other methods as the multiplicator and assets based methods supports only the valuation process and beyond their informative contribution, they are used mainly to the valuation of the company from the acquired company's standpoint.
EN
The concept of the Economic Value Added (EVA) and the building of financial management and payment motivation systems around it are the result of work of a wide group of theorists and practicians of finance and management. EVA is an interesting method of determining the value on the basis of economic income. Without a doubt, thanks to the dezagregation of the overall value of a business, EVA makes easier the analysis of sources of value and risk factors. The success and growing popularity of the concept is due to, among others, the attempt to include the measurement of value to the system of evaluation of management personnel (motivation to create value). The article undertakes the discussion on the issue of the utility of EVA, which will surely be continued, leading to the appearance of new arguments and propositions.
EN
In this paper, we look at one of the widely used value enhancement measure, Cash Flow Return on Investment, and consider where this approach yield similar result to those obtained from traditional valuation model, and where (and why) there might be differences. In conclusion, we show that there is little that is new or unique in this competing measure, and while it might be simpler than traditional discounted cash flow valuation.
EN
Computer networks have formed marketspace which is very attractive for many firms. The networks created new quality for the relationships between net's participants, particularly for business contract's partners (B2B - Business to Business), for individual customers (B2C- Business to Customers) and for companies' employees (B2E Business to Employee). It was the main cause for an arising of the electronic markets in all the branches in the nineties of the XX century. The electronic markets, based on the mentioned relations, created so-called e-business. A lot of new companies, called virtual, were founded. This situation progress in the area of the widely-understood e-business requires a new approach to the evaluation and management of the virtual enterprises' value. This requirement was also confirmed by the spectacular revaluation of high-technology companies that took place on the world markets at the end of the year 2000. The abstract presents the draft of a methodical suggestion for the evaluation of a touristic portal's value on the example of TRAVELNET.PL. The present study is an attempt to define the essence of the value evaluation of the firm operating in the area of the internet touristic services. In this type of activity, the problems of value sources of two essential areas in present economy are brought together: the area of the developing e-business and the area of the traditional touristic services which is sold in the new shape of the internet services. The abstract also introduces the main questions concerning the specific of the enterprise operating on the internet touristic services market and it describes the general methodology of evaluation of an enterprise's value. At the same time it constitutes basis for the discussion about the value sources of the touristic enterprises in Internet.
EN
The dividend-discount method is based upon the premise that the only cash flow received by stockholders is dividends. While the model is often criticised as being of limited value, it has proven to be surprisingly adaptable and useful in a wide range of circumstances. It may be a conservative model that finds fewer and fewer undervalued firms as market prices rise relative to fundamentals (profits, dividends, etc.), but that can also be viewed as a strength. Tests of the model also seem to indicate its usefulness in gauging value. The model has not been applied in valuing Polish enterprises for privatisation purposes but in a new purely market environment ought to become much more popular.
EN
This paper is the result of a comparative analysis of theory and practice of valuing the enterprises and the real estate. The analyses take into account the need for special cooperation between the experts from these fields. The multidisciplinary approach to valuation often highlights the differences in methods, classification, procedures and standards which are not always compatible. This can be the source of erroneous valuation of corporations which is evident in many cases. The danger of misevaluations of the real estate and the corporation requires, among other steps, the following: 1.Clarification of the definitions and concepts particularly that of" income", 2.Strengthening of the processes aiming at minimizing -Discrepancies between the accounting and the tax laws, -clarification of definitions used by the real estate and accounting experts in terms of description and valuation of components of the companies' assets, 3.Consideration regarding the suitability of the multiple approach to the valuation of the real estate, 4.Refinement of the sphere of competence of the specialists valuing the assets, The following suggestions result from the study: -intensification of work on the integration of the data base for real estate and its valuation, -intensification of work on the monitoring system of the judiciary and administra tive disputes regarding valuation of real estate and related laws.
9
Content available remote Metodyka wyceny wartości przedsiębiorstwa
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metody wyceny przedsiębiorstwa, które z uwagi na różny sposób definiowania jego wartości ujęto w cztery zasadnicze grupy: 1) metody majątkowe - koncentrują się na oszacowaniu wartości poszczególnych składników majątku przedsiębiorstwa; 2) metody dochodowe - opierają się na prognozowaniu i aktualizowaniu możliwych do wygenerowania przez dane przedsiębiorstwo szeroko rozumianych przyszłych dochodów; 3) metody mieszane - uwzględniają cechy i elementy podejścia dochodowego i majątkowego, czyli łączą elementy dwóch poprzednich metod; 4) metody porównawcze - stosowane są przez inwestorów na rynku kapitałowym i opierają się na rynkowej (najczęściej giełdowej), porównawczej wycenie wartości przedsiębiorstwa. Z uwagi na obszerność tematyki metod wyceny przedsiębiorstw w opracowaniu przedstawiono podstawowe wiadomości dotyczące wybranych, najważniejszych reprezentantów poszczególnych grup metod.
EN
The paper presents methods of value estimation of a company, which according to various ways of value definition were divided info four groups: 1) Assets Based Methods - concentrate on value estimation based on particular components of assets, 2) Income Methods - based on discounted incomes would be generated by company in the future, 3) Mixed Methods - take into consideration character and same elements of Assets Based and Income Methods, 4) Market Multiple Methods - used by investors on financial markets and based on market value others comparable enterprises. However taking into consideration the scope of topic the authors present only basic massages of chosen and above - mentioned groups of value estimation.
EN
In the paper there are presented methods which we use in assessment enetrprises' value. The analysis of profitable project mergers or aquisition is going according to proceeding by some form of investment. Because in this case the investment is buying or connecting with another firm that's why the most important thing is to judge profitable of enterprises' value which we would like to aquisition.
PL
W artykule prezentowane są metody wyceny przedsiębiorstw elektroenergetycznych wykorzystywane najczęściej do ich wyceny w praktyce gospodarczej. U podstaw prezentowanych metod leży przekonanie, że maksymalizacja wartości przedsiębiorstwa jest, a przynajmniej powinna być, podstawowym celem wszystkich przedsiębiorstw.
EN
The Price/Earnings (P/E) multiple is the most widely used of all multiples. Its simplicity makes it an attractive choice in applications ranging from initial public offerings to making judgements on relative value. There are a number of reasons the P/E ratio is used so widely in business valuation. First, it is an intuitively appealing statistic that relates the price paid to current earnings. Second, it is simple to compute for most stocks and is widely available, making comparisons across stocks simple. It must be stated, however, that there is also a wide potential for misuse of the P/E Multiple Method. The article tries to provide theoretical grounds of the method and to describe key practical aspects related to application of the method in a real world.
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