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Three months of “Cumbre Vieja” : analysis of consequences of volcano eruption

Mazur Andrzej

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 3

99--108

EN

The work describes the methodology and results of analysis for the consequences assessment of eruption from Cumbre Vieja volcano in Canary Islands. The preliminary analysis of dispersion of emitted pollutants was performed using Lagrangian trajectories model. To estimate long-term outcomes of eruption in terms of deposition and concentration of eruption products the Eulerian model of air dispersion was used. The model uses data from Global Forecasting System meteorological model launched at the NCEP-NOAA centre. The average concentration and deposition of sulfur compounds as well as the probability and time of the pollution cloud reaching all European capitals were examined. In 90 days a cloud of pollutants (SO2, volcanic ashes) spread over the northern hemisphere. Pollution reached Africa, North Sea and Europe. With an average emission of 15,000 tons of SO2/day, the maximum calculated deposition to the Earth’s surface reached 0.8g/m2, while overall deposition – 35 kilotons in the domain area.

PL

W pracy opisano metodykę i wyniki oceny skutków erupcji wulkanu Cumbre Vieja na Wyspach Kanaryjskich. Wstępną analizę dyspersji emitowanych zanieczyszczeń przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem modelu trajektorii Lagrange’a. Do oszacowania długoterminowych skutków erupcji pod względem osadzania i koncentracji produktów erupcji wykorzystano eulerowski model dyspersji powietrza. W modelu wykorzystano dane z modelu meteorologicznego Global Forecasting System uruchomianego w ośrodku NCEP-NOAA. Zbadano średnie stężenie i depozycję związków siarki oraz prawdopodobieństwo i czas dotarcia chmury zanieczyszczeń do wszystkich stolic europejskich. W ciągu 90 dni chmura zanieczyszczeń (dwutlenek siarki, popioły wulkaniczne) rozprzestrzeniła się na półkuli północnej. Zanieczyszczenia dotarły do Afryki, Morza Północnego i Europy. Przy średniej emisji 15 000 ton dwutlenku siarki na dobę maksymalna wyliczona depozycja na powierzchni Ziemi osiągnęła 0,8 g na metr kwadratowy, a ogólna depozycja 35 kiloton w obszarze domeny.

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Geomitologia kraterów kolizyjnych i zjawisk impaktowych

Telecka M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 7

427--431

EN

Meteorite craters are unique, and sometimes distinctive sites whose formation was accompanied by catastrophic events. That could not have gone unnoticed by people who try to explain the circumstances and causes of crater formation. This article presents meteorite craters in religions and oral stories (geomythology), which accurately interpret theseforms and phenomena. All stories (except present myths) indicate that the authors of geomyths had an exceptional perceptiveness and ability to draw logical (in their state of the art) conclusions, often many years before cosmically origin of crater was scientifically explained.

3

Tectonic control on the distribution of onshore mud volcanoes in parts of the Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria

Musa O. K., Kurowska E. E., Schoeneich K., Alagbe S. A., Ayok J.

Contemporary Trends in Geoscience

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2016

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Vol. 5, iss. 1

28--45

EN

Onshore mud volcanoes are rare geological phenomena, which in Nigeria were reported for the first time few years ago in the Upper Benue Trough. In this study a detail geological mapping of the area of mud volcanoes occurrence was carried out, with the primary aim of defining their relationship, if any, to the structural geology there. The systematic field reconnaissance included field observations of the structural features, as well as analysis of the location and distribution of the onshore mud volcanoes, marking their locations on the topographic and geological maps, analysis of the aerial photographs and satellite images. The study area covered the central part of the Upper Benue Trough where the onshore mud volcanoes were found. The study area is the part of a sedimentary basin comprising Cretaceous clastic rocks that have been deformed intensively by a network of faults often embedded in the underlying Precambrian basement. This network of faults underwent a rejuvenation period from the Aptian to the Palaeocene. The most prominent tectonic structure in the study area is the NE – SW trending Kaltungo Fault Zone, however, there are other minor faults with N – S and NW – SE trends. This study shows that the mud volcanoes found in the study area are usually located near or within fault zones, within the outcropping Upper Cretaceous Yolde Formation and Upper Bima Sandstone, both of which were deformed by the Kaltungo faults, as well as by other minor faults. Worldwide, incidences of onshore mud volcano formation are usually attributed to areas of tectonic activity, rapid sedimentation or hydrocarbon occurrence. In this study, the interpretation of the field observations and mapping results, combined with information on the structural evolution of the study area and seismic pattern (very scarce), have led to the conclusion that the location of onshore mud volcanoes in the Upper Benue Trough, being located along the fault zones, is structurally controlled. The close relationship between mud volcano location and the structural framework of the area may be interpreted as one of several possible subsurface geological responses to present tectonic activity.

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Walory geoturystyczne aktywnych wulkanów Włoch

Stanienda K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Górnictwo / Politechnika Śląska

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2007

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z. 280

167-177

PL

W artykule przedstawiono walory geoturystyczne, geologiczne, krajoznawcze, historyczne, kulturowe oraz przyrodnicze aktywnych wulkanów Włoch. Szczegółowo omówiono walory Wezuwiusza, wulkanów Wysp Eolskich oraz Etny, reprezentujących stratowulkany o typie erupcji Pliniusza, Vulcano lub Stromboli.

EN

Geoturistic values- geological, historical, cultural, sight-seeing and natural values of the active volcanoes of Italy were presented in this article. In details were described values of Vesuvius, Volcanoes of Eolian Islands and Etna. They are stratovulcanoes, which present Plinian, Vulcanoe or Stromboli activity.

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Ocieplenie klimatu, przemysłowa emisja dwutlenku węgla i wulkany

Gajer M.

Gospodarka Paliwami i Energią

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2002

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nr 7

21-25