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Wpływ sposobu mieszania fazy zasilającej i odbierającej na transport cynku(II) przez polimerowe membrany inkluzyjne

Plackowski R., Nowak P., Idkowiak J., Pernak P., Bogacki M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

2015

T. 94, nr 11

1945-1948

Przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu sposobu mieszania faz na transport kationów cynku(II) przez polimerowe membrany inkluzyjne. Zastosowano trzy sposoby mieszania faz: mieszanie mechaniczne, mieszanie za pomocą ultradźwięków i mieszanie mechaniczne wspomagane ultradźwiękami. Każdy z eksperymentów prowadzono w temp. 20, 30, 40, 50 oraz 60°C. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników scharakteryzowano proces transportu przez wyznaczenie parametrów charakterystycznych dla polimerowych membran inkluzyjnych, takich jak stała szybkości, strumień początkowy i współczynnik przepuszczalności. Badania w różnych temperaturach pozwoliły również na określenie wartości energii aktywacji dla poszczególnych procesów.

Zn cations were transported through polymer inclusion membrane in an app. consisting of 2 interconnected glass vessels, sepd. with a 17.8 mm thick membrane made of cellulose triacetate, 1-decyl-1,2,4-triazole and (BuO)₃PO₄. Each vessel was equipped with connector pipes to introduce a mech. stirrer and a sampler. Optionally, the app. was placed in an ultrasound bath (160 W, 40 kHz). In one of the vessels, the supply phase (1 mol/L) of an aq. soln. of ZnCl₂ was placed, and the const. Cl (2 mol/L) concn. was maintained by addn. of NaCl. The mech., ultrasound or mech. supported with ultrasounds mixing was carried out at 20–60°C. The Zn concn. in the receiving phase was detd. each 1 h by titration. The increase of the process temp. from 20°C to 60°C resulted in an increase of Zn recovery from 27.35% to 48.54% for the mech. mixing, from 29.87% to 58.14% for ultrasound mixing, and from 47.02% to 99.90% for ultrasound – supported mech. stirring.

Turning-form electrode in ultrasonic-aided electrochemical finishing

Pa P. S.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2007

Vol. 21, nr 2

77-80

Purpose: The ultrasonic-aided electrochemical finishing following traditional turning by a turning-form electrode for several die materials is demonstrated. Design/methodology/approach: A guide line for the design process is followed a scientific method including the design requirement, design development, detail design, and experimental analysis is adopted in the current study. The proposed design of turning-form electrode combined with the ultrasonic-aided electrochemical finishing is presented. Findings: Smaller end radius and smaller declination angle are associated with higher current density and provides larger discharge space and better polishing effect. The plate-shape electrode with small end radius and decreasing the surface area of top-view performs the best. The ultrasonic assistance can avoid the difficulty of dreg discharge in the electrochemical finishing, thus increasing the finishing effect. Research limitations/implications: The potential for electrode design and using ultrasonic energy transmitted to the electrolyte to assist discharging dregs out of electrode gap during the electrochemical finishing is yet to be explored. Practical implications: This process can be used for various turning operations including end turning, form turning, and flute and thread cutting. Through simple equipment attachement, the electrochemical finishing can follow the cutting on the same machine and chuck. Originality/value: It is great contribution that the ultrasonic-aided electrochemical finishing after turning process just needs quite short time than manual or machine finishing to make the surface of workpiece smooth and bright. An effective and low-cost finishing method after turning process is presented.