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Strategie niskopoziomowego programowania współbieżnego platformy .NET

Wichary P., Jóźwiak I., Szczepanik M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2017

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z. 113

517--527

PL

W artykule przedstawiono mechanizmy związane z programowaniem współbieżnym na niskim poziomie abstrakcji. Na podstawie literatury światowej wyróżniono zbiór pojęć podstawowych dotyczących współbieżności. Wskazano mechanizmy pomagające w rozwiązaniu problemu wzajemnego wykluczania przy użyciu konstrukcji językowych platformy .NET. Opisano sposoby uzyskania synchronizacji wątków wraz z opisem ich wad i zalet.

EN

The article presents issues related to low level concurrent programming. Based on world literature, a collection of basic notions of concurrency has been distinguished. Indicators that help to solve the mutual exclusion problem using the .NET language constructs. Describes ways to get thread synchronization once with a description of their drawbacks and advantages.

2

Formacyjne zadania sportu w życiu ratowników wodnych

Pater D.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 4

8090--8102, CD2

PL

Sport oraz kształtowanie postaw moralnych poprzez sport są elementami życia każdego człowieka. Wpływają również na formowanie się właściwych postaw społecznych i odpowiedzialność za siebie i innych ludzi. Integracyjna formacja ratowników wodnych wpisuje się w cały proces działania prewencyjnego w zakresie bezpieczeństwa nad wodami wszystkich użytkowników zbiorników wodnych, naturalnych i sztucznych. Gwarantuje również odpowiednio wyszkoloną kadrę ratowników, posiadających kompetencje merytoryczne, sprawnościowe do przeprowadzenia profesjonalnej akcji ratowniczej, jak i kwalifikacje osobowościowe, które zdobywa się w pracy nad sobą przez całe życie.

EN

Sport and the shaping of morales by means of it are part and parcel of everyone’s life. In addition, they influence the forming of proper social behaviors and responsibility for oneself and others. Integrated formation of lifeguards is all about the process of preventative action in terms of safety of the users at the public swimming compounds. It also guaranties well-trained staff who possess essential competencies to carry out a rescue and personal skills which are gained throughout the whole life.

3

Competition between sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and black cherry (Padus serotina) : dynamics of seedlings growth

Robakowski P., Bielinis E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 2

297-306

EN

Competition is an evolutionary mechanism which exerts a selection pressure on living organisms. Forest trees compete for light, water and nutrients, especially at a young age. It was observed that the Quercus petraea and Padus serotina natural regenerations occupied the same site growing under the canopy of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.). To simulate the competition between young sessile oaks and black cherries found in forest, a controlled experiment was conducted using one-year-old seedlings of both species. There were eight treatments of different competition intensity. The treatments were established varying the number of potted seedlings and adding fresh cherry leaves to the substrate to enhance allelopathic effects. It was hypothesized that black cherry would reduce the height growth and diameter at root collar of sessile oak seedlings and this inhibitory effect would be magnified by an increasing number of cherry seedlings and/or fresh leaves. Black cherry as an invasive, fast-growing species was presumed to win the growth competition with oak. However, the differences in growth parameters would not only depend on genetic differences between the species, but also on the number of competing seedlings in pots and an allelopathic effect of cherry leaves. During the whole vegetative season, each two weeks, the growth parameters of seedlings (height, height increment and diameter at root collar) were measured. The results did not support the hypothesis that cherry had an inhibitory effect on oak growth, at least after one vegetative season. Contrary, a presence of cherry seedlings enhanced the oak height increment (F = 8.6, P <0.001) which might be due to either the strong interspecific competition for light or, less plausibly, positive allelopathic effect, or an interaction of both. Our results indicated a negative auto-allelopathic effect of cherry seedlings and/or fresh cherry leaves on height of cherry seedlings (F = 47.7, P <0.001). This invader showed a continuous and steep height increment within the whole vegetative season, whereas oak seedlings grew rapidly only in July. When compared the mean initial heights in April with those after the bud set in September, cherry was four fold and oak only two fold higher. A very intensive height increment gives black cherry an advantage over sessile oak at a young age which can disturb the spontaneous conversion of pine stands into a mixed pine-oak forest with a greater share of oak and other native deciduous tree species.

4

Effects of soil disturbance and disease on the growth and reproduction of Lolium perenne L. (Poaceae) introduced into semi-natural grasslands

Erneberg M., Strandberg B., Strandberg M., Jensen B., Weiner J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 4

593-604

EN

We performed manipulative field experiments to investigate the effects of soil disturbance and exposure to a fungal plant pathogen, Puccinia coronata (Corda), on the establishment and spread of two introduced, cultivated genotypes of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne (L.). The two cultivars of L. perenne with different levels of susceptibility to P. coronata were introduced to grassland sites to investigate whether a plant cultivar selected to resist a pathogen shows better establishment in semi-natural plant communities than a susceptible cultivar. At two sites where L. perenne was already present, the addition of L. perenne seeds had no significant effect on the shoot biomass of the species, indicating that these populations were not seed limited. Exposure to the pathogen resulted in disease, and infected L. perenne populations showed increased shoot biomass over the course of the 3 year experiment and at harvest the final year, but no effect on seed production. Reproductive allocation was not affected by disease exposure in disturbed plots, but decreased in the presence of disease in undisturbed plots. The increased biomass observed in the semi-natural plant communities when exposed to the pathogen contrasts with the reduced biomass observed in garden experiments when the two cultivars of L. perenne were exposed to pathogen attack. The surprising positive effect of P. coronata on biomass in semi-natural communities indicates that processes here are more complex than in more intensively managed production systems.

5

Around-nest 'cemeteries' of Myrmica schencki Em. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) : their origin and a possible significance

Czechowski W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 2

359-363

EN

Unusual rubbish piles of Myrmica schencki Em. colonies nesting within territories of Formica polyctena Forst. are described. The piles tightly surrounded M. schencki nest entrances and consisted mainly of remains of F. polyctena corpses (with a small addition of corpses of other local ant species) previously collected as food by M. schencki foragers in F. polyctena waste disposal zones. This observation shows that, under certain conditions, M. schencki can actually be a specialised myrmecophagous scavenger. The peculiar finding of M. schencki rubbish piles, in connection with other observations of using dead bodies and other remains by ants, suggests that such piles can play some role in interspecific relations in ants. This possibility is considered in the context of the competitive hierarchy of ant species.

6

Ability of silver fir and European beech sapling to acclimate photochemical processes to the light environment under different canopies of trees

Robakowski P., Antczak P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 1

3-16

EN

Ability to acclimate photo-chemical processes by saplings of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) growing in contrasting light environments was investigated using chlorophyll a fluorescence. The leaves of saplings acclimated to irradiance under the open canopy of Larix decidua Mill. showed higher photosynthetic efficiency and more efficient photoprotective mechanism than those under the shade of the denser Picea abies Karst. canopy. Interspecific differences in quantum yield of PS II photochemistry, apparent electron transport rate, non-photochemical quenching and the values of the cardinal points of a light response curves of these parameters resulted from the shade adaptation of leaves and leaf life-span. Acclimation to shade did not increase sensitivity to strong PS II downregulation induced by light patch of low intensity but predisposed both species to photoinhibition caused by high light stress. They were able to efficiently use light patches of low intensity, but after high light stress beech leaves from the Larix stand recovered more dynamically in quantum yield of PS II photo-chemistry than silver fir. It may give an advantage to beech in between-species competition for use of short-lasting and intensive sun patches.