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Współspalanie węgla kamiennego i odpadów drzewnych na urządzeniach energetycznych małej mocy

Cichy W., Pawłowski J.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

2010

vol. 53, nr 183

5-33

Celem pracy było poznanie wpływu właściwości materiałów drzewnych zanieczyszczonych chemicznie na przebieg podstawowych parametrów procesu ich współspalania z węglem kamiennym w urządzeniu kotłowym małej mocy. Dla realizacji założonego celu przygotowano mieszanki paliwowe z trocin tartacznych, poużytkowych odpadów drzewnych i węgla kamiennego. W pracy dokonano oceny przygotowanych stałych paliw wtórnych oraz przeprowadzono próby ich spalania na laboratoryjnej instalacji grzewczej małej mocy. Pozytywne wyniki badań dają nadzieję na zastąpienie dotychczas stosowanych paliw drzewnych pochodzenia leśnego stałymi paliwami wtórnymi wytwarzanymi z odpadów drzewnych.

This publication is an effect of experiments carried out at a test station consisting of low power boiler adapted to wood combustion. During the experiments conducted at optimum parameters of boiler operation the temperatures inside the test hearth and calorific effect were controlled. The observed factor was the composition of combustion gases emitted to the atmosphere by the funnel. The aim of the study was to identify the influence of the properties of chemically contaminated wood materials on the course of basic parameters of the process of co-burning of these materials with hard coal in a low power boiler. Based on previous experiments the authors planned tests consisting in energy processing of prepared fuel mixtures obtained from post-consumer wood waste and hard coal. Three kinds of materials used as fuel were taken for the tests: post-consumer furniture, hard coal, and industrial waste – sawmill softwood sawdust. In obtained mixtures basic fuel properties were defined (calorific value, ash content and moisture content) and the content of primary elements was determined (C, H, N and S). Prepared fuels were burnt in the laboratory boiler installation. During tests the following information was recorded: boiler work parameters, central heating installation parameters and amount of emission of gaseous products of combustion. Nitrogen in the form of amine resins contained in post-consumer furniture had a direct influence on the amount of nitrogen oxides emission during combustion of fuel mixtures with a share of post-consumer furniture. An additional factor increasing NOx emission was nitrogen contained in coal fuel. Combustion of tested fuel mixtures caused the following results: a 1% share of furniture waste in evaluated fuel did not cause any significant repercussions in the form of elevated emissions of nitrogen oxides from the installation; when the share of post-consumer furniture was higher than 1% NOx emissions exceeded the emission standards considerably; emissions of sulphur dioxide higher Współspalanie węgla kamiennego i odpadów drzewnych ... 33 than in the case of wood fuel without a share of coal were observed as well – the reason for that was oxidation of sulphur compounds contained in coal fuel. The authors noted a high level of carbon oxide emission that significantly exceeded effective emission standards for burnt waste. Obtained results may be a starting point for further research on the use of postconsumer and industrial wood waste as alternative fuels in the power industry.