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Surface water and groundwater quality assessment using the WQI method and human health risk assessment (HHR) in the lower seybouse (Annaba Plain), northeast Algeria

Fenazi Bilal, Boucenna Fatih, Zeddouri Aziez

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2023

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no. 4

7--25

EN

This study was carried out to investigate the current status of surface water and groundwater quality in Lower Seybouse and Annaba Plain, NE Algeria. 36 surface water and groundwater samples were collected in this area, and various physicochemical parameters were analysed. The quality of surface water and groundwater for drinking and the associated health risks were assessed using a Water Quality Index (WQI) and a Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) model. The results show that all samples are alkaline with the EC values ranging from 1139 to 5555 μS/cm. The ionic dominance pattern was in the order of Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ for cations and Cl– > HCO3 – > SO4 2 – > NO3 – for anions, respectively. The dominant water types are SO4-Cl-Ca-Mg and SO4-Cl-Na, formed by dissolution of evaporative and carbonate-rich material. All samples are unsuitable for drinking, with 1 sample classified as poor (rank = 4) and 35 samples as extremely poor (rank = 5). These samples are mainly located near the Seybouse Wadi, which is a natural outlet for wastewater from human activities. The assessment of non-carcinogenic risk showed that the Hazard Index (HI) for males ranged from 0.12 to 1.01 with a mean of 0.30 and only one sample exceeded value 1. For females, the HI was between 0.16 and 1.28 for females, with a mean of 0.39. The risk for children was even higher, ranging from 0.41 to 3.28, with a mean of 1.03, suggesting that children are more vulnerable to water contamination. The Carcinogenic Risk (CR) values for Pb ranged from 10–3 to 8.6 · 10–3, with a mean of 2.6 · 10–3 for males, and between 1.4 · 10–3 to 10–2, with a mean of 3.3 · 10–3 for females, while for children the CR values ranged from 3.5 · 10–3 to 2.7 · 10–3, with a mean of 8.4 · 10–3, indicating that no possible CR from water drinking

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Anthropogenic impact on the quality of water and agricultural soil in Guadiana Valley, Durango, Mexico

Velázquez-Chávez Leticia de Jesús, Chávez-Simental Jorge Armando, Pámanes-Carrasco Gerardo Antonio, Pereda-Solís Martín Emilio, Carrillo-Parra Artemio, Ortiz-Sánchez Ixchel Abby

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2023

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Vol. 30, nr 3

373--386

EN

One of the most important effluents in Guadiana Valley, Durango is El Tunal River, mostly used for agricultural and livestock supply. This river has been polluted by agricultural activity and wastewater discharges. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the current quality of water and agricultural soil near the river, to estimate the environmental situation of the agricultural sector and its main pollution sources. Hence, a total of 24 soil and five water samples were taken, analysing parameters of organic matter, pH, nutrients, and heavy metals(loid)s (As, Cd, Pb, Zn) in five agricultural areas. The randomised experimental design showed significant variations in soil (p < 0.05) of organic matter, nitrogen, As, and Pb between sampling points, confirming suitable conditions for agriculture. Although contamination by heavy metal(loid)s exists, it is below permitted levels. In contrast, the physicochemical quality of the water indicated high levels of phosphates, total dissolved solids, and total coliforms, mainly in the nearest site of a wastewater treatment plant, thus the quality of the water is not suitable for consumption and irrigation for sensitive crops. Nevertheless, rainfall contributes to improve the quality of the river by diluting pollutants. Moreover, constant use of this water might represent a risk to human health and agriculture as it could transport elements to crops or soil, becoming a severe environmental problem.

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Dyrektywa wodna - nowe reguły gry

Kruszelnicka Izabela, Ginter-Kramarczyk Dobrochna

Wodociągi - Kanalizacja

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2022

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nr 1

16--19

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Use of Quality and Organic Pollution Indices in The Physico-Chemical Quality Assessment of Kébir Wadi East Surface Waters (Region of El Taref, Extreme North East Algeria)

Bahroun Sofia, Nouri Nada, Smida Bouthaina

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2022

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Vol. 32, no. 1

43--58

EN

Surface water is subject to strong anthropogenic pressures caused by the development and the extension of the agricultural activities and also by the industrial and domestic activities. Pollution is a major environmental problem due to discharges into rivers and the excessive use of agricultural fertilizers add to that the discharges from urban and industrial sources. The aim of this study is to assess the quality and the state of the organic pollution of surface water in the Kébir wadi east, based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Organic Pollution Index (OPI) during six sampling campaigns carried out between April and September of the year 2011. Seven stations were studied along the Kébir wadi east downstream from the Mexa Dam. The results are visualized by the use of GIS through making thematic maps. They revealed that half of the stations show excellent to good water quality and moderated organic pollution except the stations S3, S6 and S4, that have poor water quality and high pollution at S3 and S6 respectively, and non-potable water with very high organic pollution at S4. The anthropogenic environmental deterioration recorded in the wadi is the result of the use of nitrogen and phosphate agricultural fertilizers and especially, the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater from neighbouring agglomerations. The seasonal variation remains discrete and reflects a slight tendency to the deterioration of the waters of El Tarf region during the low waters of the summer period.

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Klasyfikacja stanu przybrzeżnych wód morskich na Ukrainie na przykładzie Morza Azowskiego w rejonie Mariupola

Neverova-Dziopak E., Dan O.

Ochrona Środowiska

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2018

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Vol. 40, nr 3

29--34

EN

The Sea of Azov is the smallest and shallowest sea in the world with low salinity. Such properties determine its susceptibility to degradation due to anthropogenic activities. The Azovstal Iron & Steel Works in Mariupol (Ukraine) is one of the main sources of pollution of the Azov Sea. Adverse impact of the steelworks is associated primarily with the large amount of technological and cooling wastewater discharged into the sea. The paper presents the impact assessment results of wastewater discharge on the sea water quality and the ecological conditions in the discharge zone. The assessment was performed using local Ukrainian methodologies as well as applicable surface water quality standards. The comprehensive assessment was based on the three numerical integrated indicators of sea water quality: the Water Quality Index (WJW), the Water Pollution Index (WZW), the Integrated Ecological State Index (ZWSE), and the so called principle of aggregation. Based on the assessment results it was demonstrated that the wastewater discharge from the Azovstal Iron & Steel Works leads to significant increase in water pollution in the coastal zone which brings threat to the marine ecosystem and limits all types of water consumption.

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Water quality assessment in the Rega River within Trzebiatów on the basis of selected physicochemical parameters

Pawlak B., Kargul B.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Acta Physica / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

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2005

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Nr 14

69--86

PL

Przedmiotem badań była ocena skali zanieczyszczeń rzeki Regi w Trzebiatowie w województwie zachodniopomorskim. W celu określenia Wskaźnika Jakości Wody wykonano 9 testów. W pracy opisano znaczenie i sposób przeprowadzania testów jakości wody. Dane dotyczące jakości wody w rzece Rega w okresie od marca do maja 2001 r. przedstawiono w tabeli. Wzrost populacji ryb łososiowatych świadczy o czystości rzeki Regi. Większość wskaźników fizykochemicznych odpowiada normom I i II klasy czystości wody.

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Wybrane wskaźniki fizyczno-chemiczne jakości wody rzeki Przemszy (woj.śląskie) na przestrzeni lat 1979-1999

Deryło A., Kostecki M., Szilman P.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2001

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Vol. 27, no. 3

89-117

PL

W roku 1999, w porównaniu z rokiem 1979, nastąpiła poprawa warunków tlenowych w rzece Przemszy. Maksymalne wartości BZT(5) obniżyły się około 20-krotnie, wartości minimalne od 3 do 10 razy. Na podstawie zmian ChZT stwierdzono, że ilość zanieczyszczeń trudno rozkładalnych jest obecnie taka sama, jak w latach 1979/80. Zmniejszyła się ilość azotu amonowego. Poprawa dotyczy przede wszystkim stężeń maksymalnych, które w latach 1979/80 były wyższe. Wyraźnemu zmniejszeniu uległy stężenia azotu azotynowego. Poprawa nastąpiła zarówno w przypadku stężeń najniższych jak i najwyższych. Zmniejszyła się ilość azotanów, prawdopodobnie przyczyną tego stanu jest zmniejszenie intensywności nawożenia gleb użytków rolnych w zlewni rzeki. Na przestrzeni ostatnich 10 lat stopień zasolenia rzeki Przemszy nie uległ zmniejszeniu. Pod względem stężenia substancji rozpuszczonych, podobnie jak w przypadku chlorków i siarczanów, sytuacja niewiele się zmieniła. Zmniejszyła się ilość zawiesin, co wskazuje na wzrost skuteczności oczyszczania ścieków przemysłowych. Z biegiem rzeki jakość wody ulega pogorszeniu. Szczególnie widoczne jest to na odcinku w sąsiedztwie miejscowości Mysłowice i Jeleń.

EN

In 1999, in comparison to 1979, oxygen conditions in the Przemsza River improved. The maximal concentrations of BOD decreased about 20 times, whereas minimal concentrations from 3 to 10 times. On the basic changes of COD it was found that the quality of recalcitrant pollutants is the same as 10 years ago, the salinity of water is also the same. The volume of ammonia and nitrites has decreased. The probable cause of decrease of nitrates was the reduction of fertilizers levels in the basin area of the Przemsza River. The suspended solids concentrations in the water are abatemanted. The water quality of the river gets worse along the river, coupe especially near the towns of Myslowice and Jelen.

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Badania limnologiczne zbiornika zaporowego Dzierżno Małe. Cz.4 Stosunki termiczno-tlenowe oraz wybrane fizyczno-chemiczne wskaźniki jakości wody.

Kostecki M., Domurad A., Kowalski E., Kozłowski J.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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1998

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Vol. 24, no. 4

131-163

PL

W prezentowanej pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę limnologiczną zbiornika zaporowego Dzierżno Małe opracowaną na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych w latach 1995-1996. Opisano układ termiczno-tlenowy oraz omówiono dynamikę zmian wybranych wskaźników fizyczno-chemicznych, określających jakość wody w zbiorniku. Na podstawie ogólnych kryteriów opracowanych dla jezior naturalnych stwierdzono, że zbiornik Dzierżno Małe wykazuje cechy jezior III stopnia według Patalasa [11]. Według klasyfikacji Starmacha [16] jest to zbiornik limniczny. Jednakże okresowo wykazuje on cechy zbiornika realimnicznego, w zależności od aktualnej wielkości przepływu wody w rzece zasilającej zbiornik; pod względem statyczności oraz podatności na mieszanie wód należy do zbiorników dimiktycznych [9], natomiast ze względu na występowanie stratyfikacji tlenowej przy deficycie tlenu sięgającym dolnej granicy epilimnionu stwierdzono, iż obecnie zbiornik Dzierżno Małe należy zaliczyć do politroficznych [16]

EN

In presented work the limnological characteristics of the Reservoir Dzierżno Małe elaborated on the basis of investigations, carried out in 1995-1996 years has been shown. The results of investigations on thermal and oxygenic conditions, existing in the Reservoir and the changes dynamics of selected physico-chemical indicators of water quality in the Reservoir Dzierżno Małe were described. Due to criteria elaborated for natural lakes the Reservoir Dzierżno Małe has been classified as a one which links the features of type III according to Patalas [11]. With regard to Starmach's classification [16] the Reservoir Dzierżno Małe has been defined as a limnetic or rheolimnetic reservoir according the current water flow amount in the river supplying the Reservoir; in respect of stability and suppleness to water exchange the Reservoir Dzierżno Małe belongs to dimictic reservoirs [9]. Considering the occurrence of oxygenic stratification with oxygen deficit extended the bottom limit of epilimnion it was found, that now the Reservoir Dzierżno Małe belongs to politrophic reservoirs [16].