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The impact of weather on bicycle risk exposure

Pazdan Sylwia

Archives of Transport

2020

Vol. 56, iss. 4

89--105

Traffic volume is the main independent variable of risk exposure in road safety models. Cyclists as a vulnerable road users are more exposed to weather conditions than e.g. car drivers. As a result, their decision of whether to cycle is strongly related to weather conditions. It suggests that any change in the weather may have a significant effect on bicycle use. Objective of the paper was to indicate which weather parameters have a significant impact on bicycle use, how a change in weather parameters affects the change in bicycle volume (risk exposure) and, consequently, predicted number of crashes with cyclists and which factors differentiate the impact of weather conditions on bicycle volume. The impact of weather on bicycle volume variability was estimated based on literature review. The Web of Science, Scopus and TRID databases were searched. Finally, 33 papers from 1977 up to 2020, different in terms of the methodology used, country of origin, and analyzed group of cyclists, were reviewed. The impact of change in weather conditions on the predicted number of crashes with cyclists was estimated using own road safety models and previous research results. Results indicate that air temperature, precipitation, sunshine, cloud cover, humidity, and wind strength, have a significant influence on bicycle use. The impact of the weather on bicycle volume differs between different cyclists’ groups (different levels of experience, age, gender), trip motivations (recreational, commuting, etc.) and locations (countries, cities, climate zones). The paper shows complexity of impact of weather conditions on cycling and sensitivity of relationship between weather conditions and bicycle volume (i.e. risk exposure) and, as a consequence, bicycle safety. Results indicate that weather conditions should always be taken into consideration when analyzing cycling, especially in road safety analysis. The discussion of presented research results, research methods used with their limitations, and recommendations for future research were described.

A case study - analysis of weather data impact on the disruptions/delays in passenger air traffic

Woda M., Wątrucka A.

Studia Informatica

2018

Vol. 39, nr 1

89--101

The purpose of the research was to develop a method for investigating the impact of weather conditions on delays in passenger aircrafts. The work was carried out in cooperation with Ryanair. The work consisted in developing methods and tools for selecting weather data and integrating them with available data on flight delays for selected airports – statistical methods, regression, decision trees and association rules were used for this purpose.

Celem badań było opracowanie metody analizy wpływu warunków pogodowych na opóźnienia lotów samolotów pasażerskich. Badania były zrealizowane we współpracy z Ryanair. Praca badawcza polegała na opracowaniu metod i narzędzi do selekcji danych pogodowych oraz integracji ich z dostępnymi danymi o opóźnieniach lotów dla wybranych obszarów (wybranych lotnisk w UE) – wykorzystano w tym celu metody statystyczne, regresję, drzewa decyzyjne oraz reguły asocjacyjne.