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Zmiany poziomu morza : przyczyny, skale czasowe i historia ich poznania

Boski Tomasz, Wilamowski Andrzej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 11

820--823

EN

Sea level changes provoked by multiple forcings that act in a wide range of time scales attracted human interest for several millennia. However, the bases of modern understanding of this phenomenon and its quantitative expression were achieved during the last two centuries. At present, owing to a series of altimetric observations made by 4 satellite missions in the last 30years, the mean sea level (MSL) rise calculated for the whole Earth is estimated to be 3-3.5 mm per year, with at least half of this value being attributable to human-induced climate warming. About 125,000 years ago, during the last interglacial (Eemian) that was warmer than the current period, the MSL was about 5 m higher than today. Approximately 116,000 years ago, the sea level began to decline as a result of gradual cooling of the climate that led to glaciation, which in the Northern Hemisphere had a climax at 20-30 ka BP. The transition from the last glacial maximum to the current warm period, covering the last 20,000years, includes the transfer of about 35 106 km3 of water from melting ice caps of the Northern Hemisphere to the oceanic reservoir, causing an increase in sea level of about 130 m. The average rate of MSL rise was about 10 mm per year, although over the last seven millennia, the MSL rising rate dropped to about 1-1.5 mm per year. These changes are considered representative of the natural variability of the Earth's climate system over the past 2 million years.

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Methodology of ecodiagnostics on the example of rural areas

Koval Viktor V., Petrashevska Angelina D., Popova Olga L., Mikhno Inesa S., Gaska Krzysztof

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2019

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Vol. 12, no. 1

139--144

EN

The present state of the environment in the rural area has been analyzed. The main factors which led to the existing situation have been revealed. The structure of Ukraine’s crops area and the amount of accumulated waste in Ukraine influencing the agricultural landscapes of rural areas have been analyzed. The dependence between the amount of accumulated waste and the incidence within the time interval was revealed. As a result of calculations, we have received the social losses due to an increase in the morbidity of the population living in the area of the impact of landfills, the coefficient of ecological stability of the studied territories was calculated and it was found that the presence of landfills reduces the coefficient of ecological stability. It has been revealed that with the help of satellite data monitoring of agricultural landscapes is possible, which can be used in calculating the price of land considering the quality factor of this land.

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Natural Regeneration Potential of the Black Saxaul Shrubforests in Semi-Deserts of Central Asia - the Ili River Delta Area, SE Kazakhstan

Zhaglovskaya A. A., Chlachula J., Thevs N., Myrzagaliyeva A. B., Aidossova S. S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 3

352--368

EN

Two saxaul species - black saxaul (Haloxylon aphyllum Minkw.) and white saxaul (Haloxylon persicum Bunge) - constitute the principal arboreal cover of the cold continental deserts of Central Asia. While the latter is a rain-fed shrub distributed on sand dunes, the former is a ground-water phreatophyte mainly found on alluvial terraces. Saxaul has played an important role as a fodder plant also used as firewood by local herders. Due to over-grazing and over-exploitation for fuel during the past fifty years, the oncedominant saxaul vegetation has considerably degraded. Important growth characteristics at the present plantations (such as height, and basal trunk and crown diameters) show a direct quantitative relationship between the plants' age up to the 25-year lifetime and the total tree biomass reduced by natural degradation. Annual productivity largely depends on the overall vegetation density that reflects specific environmental conditions at particular locations. The recommended harvest rate, balancing the calculated natural regeneration capacity, should not exceed 0.82 t/ha at the density of up to 900 shrubs/ha, 1.78 t/ha at the density of 900-1500 shrubs/ha and 2.63 t/ha at the density of 1500-2000 shrubs/ha. The results from the field monitoring sites provide new insights on the natural reproductive potential of black saxaul shrub-forests in undisturbed versus anthropogenically affected and exploited semidesert and parkland settings of Central Asia.

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Human inducet decrease of humus content in soils of steppe landscapes (Kirovograd region, Ukraine)

Gelevera O., Topolnyi S.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2013

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nr 20

105--113

EN

The dynamics of humus in soils of Kirovograd province, Ukraine from 1882 till 2010 is analyzed. During the last 130 years the content of organic matter in soils of studied area decreased from 5.5 to 4.1 percent. Dehumification of the soils is caused mainly by anthropogenic factor. In order to increase the humus content in soils change of the proportion of types of tillage, use of scientifically based structure acreage and crop rotation, cultivation of more perennial grasses and reforestation of slopes are recommended.

PL

Region Kirowogradcki położony w obrębie Ukrainy Centralnej cechuje się występowaniem żyznych czarnoziemów. Przeanalizowano zmiany zawartości humusu w glebach regionu za okres od 1882 po 2010 rok. Ustalono, że jego ilość w glebie (uśredniona – z różnych miejsc regionu) w przeciągu ostatnich 130 lat zmniejszyła sie z 5,5 do 4.1%. Autorka analizuje przyczyny obniżenia zawartości humusu w glebach regionu oraz jego skutki.

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Ocena wpływu Huty Cynku „Miasteczko Śląskie” na jakość wód podziemnych serii węglanowej triasu GZWP Lubliniec–Myszków

Rubin H., Rubin K., Witkowski A. J., Wróbel J.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2013

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nr 456 Hydrogeologia z. 14/2

525--531

PL

W artykule scharakteryzowano stan aktualny i zmiany czasowe oraz zrożnicowanie przestrzenne wybranych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń w kompleksie wodonośnym serii węglanowej triasu w rejonie Huty Cynku „Miasteczko Śląskie” na podstawie wyników realizowanego od 1999 r. monitoringu jakości wód podziemnych. Wyniki badań modelowych dla GZWP Lubliniec–Myszków wskazują na to, że huta cynku może stanowić potencjalne zagrożenie dla jakości wód z ujęcia huty cynku oraz ujęcia Bibiela Górnośląskiego Przedsiębiorstwa Wodociągów zlokalizowanych w strefie odpływu wód z tego obszaru. Zarówno wyniki badań hydrochemicznych, jak i modelowania geochemicznego świadczą o lokalnym zanieczyszczeniu wód serii węglanowej triasu w rejonie obszaru huty. Nie stwierdzono jednak negatywnego oddziaływania na wodę z ujęć usytuowanych w strefie odpływu wód. Obserwowane ograniczone lateralne rozprzestrzenianie się zanieczyszczeń z obszaru huty prawdopodobnie jest spowodowane głównie blokowym charakterem ośrodka hydrogeologicznego oraz ograniczoną przepuszczalnością stref uskokowych powodujących względną izolację hydrodynamiczną tego obszaru w stosunku do sąsiadujących eksploatowanych ujęć.

EN

The paper presents the current state, temporal changes and spatial differentiation of selected contamination indicators in the Triassic carbonate aquifer in the vicinity of Zinc Smelter “Miasteczko Śląskie”. It is based on the results of the groundwater quality monitoring, carried out since 1999. Mathematical modelling for the Major Groundwater Basin Lubliniec–Myszków showed that zinc smelter may pose a potential threat to the groundwater quality exploited by two big intakes located downgradient form the smelter (intake of zinc smelter and big well fields Bibiela exploited by Upper Silesian Water Company). The results of groundwater quality monitoring and geochemical modelling indicate local water pollution of the Triassic carbonate series in the zinc smelter area. However, there is no evidence of adverse effects on the water intakes located downgradient from the smelter. The observed, laterally limited spread of contamination from zinc smelter is most likely due to the block nature of the aquifer and limited permeability of fault zones. This causes relative hydrodynamic isolation of the area in relation to the neighbouring operating water intakes.