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1

Ergonomiczna analiza pozycji przy pracy w zakładzie produkującym długopisy

Lasota A. M.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 6

213--217, CD

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie pozycji przyjmowanych podczas pracy oraz poziomu narażenia na zaburzenia w układzie mięśniowo-szkieletowym (MSD). Badania przeprowadzono w zakładzie produkcji długopisów na stanowiskach: nadruk klipów (Klipy), formatowanie wyrobów z tworzyw sztucznych (Żywica). Zastosowano: wywiad, analizę zadań, metodę OWAS. Na stanowisku Klipy najczęstszą pozycją była pozycja o kodzie 2111 i stanowiła 63% wszystkich pozycji. Na stanowisku Żywica: pozycja 1121 (30%), 2121 (20%), 1231 (16%). Na stanowisku Klipy do kategorii działań (KD) KD1 zakwalifikowano 22% ocenionych pozycji, KD2 - 76%. Stanowisku Żywica: KDi -70%, KD2 - 29% pozycji. Na stanowisku Klipy operatorzy byli bardziej narażeni na MSD niż na stanowisku Żywica, jednakże ryzyko było niewielkie. Stwierdzono szereg nieprawidłowych pozycji segmentów ciała, które w dalszej perspektywie mogą powodować problemy zdrowotne u operatorów. Zaleca się rotacje pracowników na stanowiskach, reorganizację i przeprojektowanie stanowiska pracy i sposobu wykonywania pracy w celu ograniczenia nieprawidłowych pozycji. Wyniki badań mogą być wykorzystane przez praktyków w opracowaniu programów ergonomicznych skierowanych na poprawę warunków pracy.

EN

The aim of this study was to examine the postures adopted by operators during the work and the level of exposure to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs,) The research was conclucted at the plant the production of pens on workstations: printed on the clips (Clips), formatting of plastic products (Plastic). An interview, analysis of the tasks, the OWAS method were used. On the Clips most frequent position was posture code 2111 and accounted for 63% of all postures. On the Plastic: posturę code 1121 (30%), 2121 (20%), 1231 (16%). On the Clips actions categories (AC) AC1 qualified 22% postures, AC2 - 76%. On the Plastic: AC1 - 70%, AC2. - 29% of the postures. Clips' operators were more likely to have MSDS than the operators of Plastic. however, the risk was low. It was observed plenty of non-neutral position of the body segments, which in the long term can cause health problems for operators. It is recommended: (ob rotation, reorganization and redesign of the workplace and way to perform tasks in order to reduce the awkward postures. These results can be used by practitioners in the development of ergonomic programs aimed at improving working conditions.

2

Working postures of operators in the pipe production process : a case study

Lasota A. M., Hankiewicz K.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 6

14417--14423, CD 6

EN

Systems dependent on the human-operator are particularly prone to problems related to work safety, discomfort, and ensuring production quality. The article presents an assessment of the positions taken by operators in the production of pipes for three workstations: forming, welding and moulding, conducted using the OWAS method. The action categories of activities (AC) describe the need for ergonomic intervention. Of 18 operator positions evaluated, 10 were assessed at AC1, a further 6 at AC2 and 2 positions at AC3, for which urgent ergonomic intervention is required. In five cases, the position of the back was incorrect, and in eight cases that of the legs. The arms were kept below the shoulders, and external load did not exceed 10 kg. Recommendations: reorganization of work with particular attention to retrieving and depositing items; development and implementation of a system of rotation of employees in order to ensure variation in workload.

PL

Systemy zależne od człowieka-operatora są szczególnie podatne na problemy związane z bezpieczeństwem pracy, dyskomfortem i zapewnieniem jakości produkcji. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki oceny pozycji przyjmowanych przez operatorów w procesie produkcji rur na trzech stanowiskach: kształtowania, spawania i formowania; za pomocą metody OWAS. Metoda umożliwia określenie kategorii działań (KD) opisującej potrzebę przeprowadzenia interwencji ergonomicznej. Oceniono 18 pozycji przyjmowanych przez pracowników. Do KD 1 zakwalifikowano 10 pozycji, do KD 2 – 6 pozycji, do KD 3 – 2 pozycje, które wymagają pilnie podjęcia ergonomicznej interwencji. W pięciu przypadkach pozycja pleców, a w ośmiu pozycja nóg – były nieprawidłowe. Ramiona pracownicy utrzymywali poniżej stawu barkowego, zewnętrzne obciążenia nie przekraczała 10 kg. Zalecenia: reorganizacja procesu pracy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pobierania i odkładania elementów; opracowanie i wdrożenie systemu rotacji pracowników w celu zapewnienia zmienności obciążenia.

3

MHAC—An Assessment Tool for Analysing Manual Material Handling Tasks

Batish A., Singh T. P.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2008

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Vol. 14, No. 2

223--235

EN

This paper describes an assessment tool for analysing material handling tasks and its application for material handling tasks prevalent in engine bearing industry. After a close observation of material handling tasks spread over many days, a list of tasks and parameters/variables affecting those tasks was made. Ergonomic conditions present in these tasks and their deficiencies were then identified and on the basis of the relationships between the tasks and their affinities, categories were developed. Using the data of those categories and various conditions and parameters, an assessment tool called MHAC (material handling assessment chart) was developed.

4

Workstation Design in Carpet Hand-Weaving Operation : Guidelines for Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders

Choobineh A., Lahmi M., Hosseini M., Shahnavaz H., Jazani R. K.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2004

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Vol. 10, No. 4

411--424

EN

Carpet weavers suffer from musculoskeletal problems mainly attributed to poor working postures. Their posture is mostly constrained by the design of workstations. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 2 design parameters (weaving height and seat type) on postural variables and subjective experience, and to develop guidelines for workstation adjustments. At an experimental workstation, 30 professional weavers worked in 9 different conditions. Working posture and weavers’ perceptions were measured. It was shown that head, neck and shoulder postures were influenced by weaving height. Both design parameters influenced trunk and elbows postures. The determinant factor for weavers’ perception on the neck, shoulders and elbows was found to be weaving height, and on the back and knees it was seat type. Based on the results, the following guidelines were developed: (a) weaving height should be adjusted to 20 cm above elbow height; (b) a 10º forward-sloping high seat is to be used at weaving workstations.

5

Examining RULA`s Postural Scoring System With Selected Physiological and Psychophysiological Measures

Fountain L. J. K.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2003

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Vol. 9, No. 4

383--392

EN

The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) survey is a posture-sampling tool used specifically to examine the level of risk associated with upper limb disorders of individual workers. This paper examines the relationship between RULA’s postural scoring system and measures of surface electromyography (EMG), self-reports of discomfort, and job attitude questionnaires. Twenty participants each performed a 30-min typing task on a computer in 3 working postures based on RULA’s scoring system. A statistically significant difference was found only in perceived discomfort. The perceived discomfort results demonstrated that RULA was able to identify “high risk” postures. The next question we need to ask is, does perceived discomfort result in tissue damage, or does tissue damage yield discomfort?