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2 2022

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Nitrate Reductase Activity in Eucalyptus urophylla and Khaya senegalensis Seedlings: Optimization of the in vivo Assay

Barbosa Mateus Pires, do Bonfim Raul Antonio Araújo, da Silva Leandro Dias, Souza Mikaela Oliveira, de Souza Soares Poliana Prates, Sá Milton Carriço, Cairo Paulo Araquém Ramos

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 2

204--211

Nitrate assimilation in the plant cell is mainly regulated by the enzyme nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1), which catalyzes the nitrate to nitrite reduction. Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) is measured at the major nitrate reduction site, which can be the root or shoot, depending on the species. The in vivo assay has often been used for NRA measurement, and protocol also usually varies with the species. The goals of this study were: (1) to identify the major nitrate reduction site in seedlings of two tree species, Eucalyptus urophylla and Khaya senegalensis, and (2) to optimize the in vivo nitrate reductase assay at the major nitrate reduction site in these species. Healthy seedlings aged 180 and 160 days, respectively, were selected for NRA measurement in fully expanded leaves and main root. After identifying the main nitrate reduction site of each species, the effects of variations in temperature, nitrate concentration and pH in the incubation medium were assessed. The results showed that the leaf and the root are the major nitrate reduction site of Eucalyptus urophylla and Khaya senegalensis, respectively. The optimal conditions for the in vivo assay in the leaf were 35 °C, KNO3 100 mM, and pH 7.0, whereas for the root they were 30 °C, KNO3 100 mM, and pH 7.5.

Features of Growth and Design of Protective Forests Plantings Along Highways of the South of Russia

Kruzhilin Sergey N., Baranova Tatyana Y., Dubovoy Denis A., Fathetdinova Maria V.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2022

Vol. 23, iss. 1

1--10

Protective forest plantations along highways are an integral element and one of the important factors of road safety. The main units of such plantings are tree and shrub species, which in turn form a stand capable of performing useful protective functions. The protective forest stands along highways in Southern Russia were studied on the example of the objects that grow along the M-4 Don highway 30 km from Rostov-on-Don. The forest taxation indices of 18 species of tree and shrub species that form linear plantings were studied. The main tree species in the plantings are: Robinia false acacia, lanceolate ash, small-leaved elm, holly maple, three-pronged gledichia. The main shrubs are: svidina blood red and sumac leather. When designing roadside forest stands, great importance should be given to the initial variant of mixing tree and shrub species. It is not allowed to mix the tree species with different life periods in plantings, as this leads to difficulties in carrying out subsequent forestry care. Thus, the participation of black poplar or pyramidal poplar in plantings with the participation of sharp-leaved maple is unacceptable. The life span of woody plants should be in the same period. The conducted research allowed recommending the optimal mixing schemes for the creation of new protective forest plantations along the highways of Southern Russia.