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1
Content available Evaluation of fungicidal properties of post-cultured liquid medium from the culture of Kombucha microorganisms against selected mold fungi
Betlej Izabela, Andres Bogusław
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2019
|
No. 107
45--53
EN
Dual study possibilities in selected EU countries. The idea of dual study courses is more and more common in the EU due to the raising problem of the lack of qualified employees. Although the dual studies are very similar in their form such as internships in companies, case studies etc., their scope differs significantly among the analyzed countries. It was observed that, on average, about 70% of students take part in the vocational education and training in Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Netherlands, Slovakia and Slovenia but only 20% in Cyprus and Hungary. In countries such as: Germany, Netherlands and Austria over 40% of companies employ vocational education and training participants while the average costs of continuing vocational training for the EU-28 is calculated at the level of around 1500 Purchasing Power Standard per participant. The research was based on the data obtained from the EUROSTAT.
PL
Możliwości studiów dualnych w wybranych krajach UE. Idea studiów dualnych staje się obecnie coraz bardziej popularna przede wszystkim ze względu na problem braku wykwalifikowanych pracowników. Studia dualne są bardzo podobne w swojej formie, uwzględniającej m.in. praktyki w przedsiębiorstwach, studia przypadków itp., jednak ich zakres różni się znacznie w analizowanych krajach. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, że średnio około 70% uczniów bierze udział w kształceniu i szkoleniu zawodowym w Austrii, Chorwacji, Czechach, Finlandii, Holandii, Słowacji i Słowenii, ale tylko 20% na Cyprze i Węgrzech. W krajach takich jak: Niemcy, Holandia i Austria ponad 40% firm zatrudnia uczestników kształcenia i szkolenia zawodowego, podczas gdy średnie koszty ustawicznego szkolenia zawodowego dla krajów UE-28 kształtują się na poziomie około 1500 PPS na uczestnika. Analizę przeprowadzono na danych uzyskanych z bazy EUROSTAT.
2
Content available Dual study possibilities in selected EU countries
Fabisiak Beata, Jankowska Anna, Kłos Robert
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2019
|
No. 107
45--53
EN
Dual study possibilities in selected EU countries. The idea of dual study courses is more and more common in the EU due to the raising problem of the lack of qualified employees. Although the dual studies are very similar in their form such as internships in companies, case studies etc., their scope differs significantly among the analyzed countries. It was observed that, on average, about 70% of students take part in the vocational education and training in Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Netherlands, Slovakia and Slovenia but only 20% in Cyprus and Hungary. In countries such as: Germany, Netherlands and Austria over 40% of companies employ vocational education and training participants while the average costs of continuing vocational training for the EU-28 is calculated at the level of around 1500 Purchasing Power Standard per participant. The research was based on the data obtained from the EUROSTAT.
PL
Możliwości studiów dualnych w wybranych krajach UE. Idea studiów dualnych staje się obecnie coraz bardziej popularna przede wszystkim ze względu na problem braku wykwalifikowanych pracowników. Studia dualne są bardzo podobne w swojej formie, uwzględniającej m.in. praktyki w przedsiębiorstwach, studia przypadków itp., jednak ich zakres różni się znacznie w analizowanych krajach. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, że średnio około 70% uczniów bierze udział w kształceniu i szkoleniu zawodowym w Austrii, Chorwacji, Czechach, Finlandii, Holandii, Słowacji i Słowenii, ale tylko 20% na Cyprze i Węgrzech. W krajach takich jak: Niemcy, Holandia i Austria ponad 40% firm zatrudnia uczestników kształcenia i szkolenia zawodowego, podczas gdy średnie koszty ustawicznego szkolenia zawodowego dla krajów UE-28 kształtują się na poziomie około 1500 PPS na uczestnika. Analizę przeprowadzono na danych uzyskanych z bazy EUROSTAT.
3
Content available remote The analyses of functional needs of overweight persons for chairs
Ogniewska A., Oleńska S.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2018
|
No. 104
9--17
PL
The paper attempts the problem of chairs used by people suffering from overweight. Nowadays, on the market it is hard to find a furniture, that would correspond to requirements of people struggling with this problem and would help them in everyday chair using. In the paper there are presented the results of studies based on the on-line questionnaire. Respondents gave their answers for questions about inconveniences felt during daily using of chair. The analyses covered the reasons and features, that could be introduced or eliminated in chair construction to improve the user comfort.
4
Content available remote Oak wood pre-treated by cold plasma
Novák I., Kleinová A., Sedliačik J., Matyašovský J., Jurkovič P.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2018
|
No. 104
163--168
EN
The cold plasma was used to improve the hydrophilicity of oak wood. A significant increase of the polar component of oak wood surface energy after modification by cold discharge plasma has been observed. The polar component of the surface energy is associated with the presence of acid-base forces (electron donor-acceptor bonds). FTIR spectra confirm the changes in C=O and C–O–C bonds that occur on the cold plasma modified wood. The integrated intensities ratios of oxygen function absorption with the majority of polar –OH groups contribution with a maximum at 3400 cm-1 and a maximum of non-polar CH2-groups with a maximum at 2985 cm-1 (–CH2 groups)sym shows an increase of the ratio P(OH)/P(– CH2) during plasma treatment of the oak wood.
5
Content available remote Changes in volume and share of quality grades in large-sized timber depending on cut to length long timber variants
Szaban J., Płóciennik M., Płońska-Kaczor K., Kowalkowski W., Karaszewski Z.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2018
|
No. 104
228--234
EN
The aim of this study is to determine changes in volume and share of quality grades in pine timber depending on the adopted cut to length variant. For the purpose of this study one plot was selected, on which final cutting was performed. The plot was located in the Lipka Forest District, the Białobłocie Forest Division, in compartment 98a. The experimental site was covered by a pine stand aged 110 years. It was decided for this analysis to select trees meeting the dimension and quality requirements for grades A, B and C. The whole stem was measured and the long timber was cut into logs of 4 m, 5 m and 6 m in length. Next using calipers the smallest diameter under bark was determined for each log. These measurements made it possible to establish the volume and quality and dimension grades of the whole stem as well as those of logs, into which it was cut to length. Analyses showed that the volume of that timber assortment changes at cut to length logging of pine long timber. In the case of 4m logs the volume increases, while for 5m and 6m logs it decreases. It was also observed that after cutting to length of logs from long timber the share of higher grades decreases considerably to the advantage of lower grades.
6
Content available remote Changes in volume and share of quality grades in large-sized timber depending on cut to length long timber variants
Szaban J., Płóciennik M., Płońska-Kaczor K., Kowalkowski W., Karaszewski Z.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2018
|
No. 104
85--90
EN
The aim of this study is to determine changes in volume and share of quality grades in pine timber depending on the adopted cut to length variant. For the purpose of this study one plot was selected, on which final cutting was performed. The plot was located in the Lipka Forest District, the Białobłocie Forest Division, in compartment 98a. The experimental site was covered by a pine stand aged 110 years. It was decided for this analysis to select trees meeting the dimension and quality requirements for grades A, B and C. The whole stem was measured and the long timber was cut into logs of 4 m, 5 m and 6 m in length. Next using calipers the smallest diameter under bark was determined for each log. These measurements made it possible to establish the volume and quality and dimension grades of the whole stem as well as those of logs, into which it was cut to length. Analyses showed that the volume of that timber assortment changes at cut to length logging of pine long timber. In the case of 4m logs the volume increases, while for 5m and 6m logs it decreases. It was also observed that after cutting to length of logs from long timber the share of higher grades decreases considerably to the advantage of lower grades.
7
Content available remote Change in value of large-sized timber depending on long timber cutting to length
Szaban J., Płóciennik M., Płońska-Kaczor K., Kowalkowski W., Karaszewski Z.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
|
2018
|
No. 104
70--74
EN
The aim of this paper is to determine the change in value of pine timber depending on the type of cutting to length. For the purpose of this study one plot was selected, on which final cutting was performed. The plot was located in the Lipka Forest District, the Białobłocie Forest Division, in compartment 98a. The experimental site was covered by a pine stand aged 110 years. It was decided for this analysis to select trees meeting dimension and quality requirements for grades A, B and C. The whole stem was measured and the long timber was cut into logs of 4 m, 5 m and 6 m in length. Next using calipers the smallest diameter under bark was determined for each log. These measurements made it possible to establish the value of the whole stem as well as the value of logs, into which it was cut to length. These analyses showed that at cutting of pine long timber into logs their value changes. The value of timber decreased in each adopted timber cutting variant to produce logs. It was finally stated that from the financial point of view cutting of timber to length into logs is not profitable to the seller.
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