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PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizy i oceny dotyczące przyczyn, źródeł, uwarunkowań oraz charakteru przyszłych wojen. Zostały one oparte o doświadczenia wynikające z działań zbrojnych, które miały miejsce pod koniec ubiegłego i na początku obecnego stulecia, a także poglądy współczesnych polemologów, politologów i specjalistów wojskowych. Zidentyfikowano zasadnicze rodzaje przyszłych wojen oraz dokonano ich charakterystyki ze względu na udział podmiotów, zasięg, intensywność, czas trwania i inne właściwości. Zaprezentowano także przewidywane następstwa wojen, wśród których szczególną uwagę zwrócono nie tylko na dezintegrację struktur oraz destabilizację ekonomiki i gospodarki państw, ale przede wszystkim na skutki społeczne, takie jak: straty fizyczne, ubóstwo, epidemie, niekontrolowane masowe migracje, demoralizację społeczeństw i elit politycznych oraz pogłębienie antagonizmów, postaw nacjonalistycznych czy innych wrogich stereotypów. Przedstawione treści mogą stanowić podstawę do określenia pożądanych kierunków działania podmiotów bezpieczeństwa, których celem jest zapobieganie sytuacjom kryzysowym, często rozwiązywanym za pomocą takiego narzędzia polityki, jakim jest wojna.
EN
The article presents the analyses and evaluations of the causes, sources, conditions and nature of future wars. They were based on the experience of the military action that took place at the end of the last century and the beginning of this century. Moreover, contemporary views expressed by polemologs, political scientists and military experts were taken into account. The article identifies the principal types of future wars and their characteristics as regards involvement, scope, intensity, duration and other properties. In addition, it presents the expected consequences of war, among which special attention was paid not only to the disintegration of the structures and the destabilization of the economy and state economies, but also to social consequences, such as physical damage, poverty, epidemics, uncontrolled mass migration, the demoralization of society and political elites, and the deepening antagonisms of nationalistic attitudes or other hostile stereotypes. The article can be the basis for determining the desirable directions of security subjects, aimed at crisis prevention, often solved with such a policy tool as war.
EN
The article features the conditions of centric network operations determining net-centric organisations of command system and its teleinformatic networks. The author’s considerations take into account the fact that the inseparable part of network centric is information domain, the basis of which is Global Information Grid (GIG) and its physical platform is the teleinformatic network capable of ensuring the real functioning of this concept. As a consequence of the mentioned above assumption, there were specified network centric operations’ characteristics and factors which may affect command, control and communications. Also the specific character of net-centric command system organisation was defined and features of teleinformatic networks organised in net-centric operations were presented.
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Content available remote Walka sieciocentryczna wyzwaniem XXI wieku
EN
The development of teleinformatic technologies, the Internet and global computer network initiated information revolution involving free access to information gathered in the net and fa st information exchange via the Internet. Commercial sector experiences became the basis to adopt the Information Superiority notion for the military domain needs. Treating armed forces as a net-centric company, military specialists saw the possibility to increase the armed forces effectiveness in a similar way through radical relations’ improvement of engaged forces versus achieved tactical (operational, strategic) effect. The article authors present the network centric origins and idea in a crosssectional and graphic way (numerous pictures) treating Network Centric Warfare as the 21st century challenge. Apart from notions’ explanations, the authors feature the division of Network Centric Warfare space into physical, informational or cognitive domains or in another approach into layers, e.g. command, information layers etc. In the conclusion the capabilities to reach standards required by this concept were stressed and the USA military leading role in this area was shown. It is also worth paying attention to the proposal of measures that the Polish Armed Forces have to undertake in order to implement solutions identified with net-centric operations.
5
EN
The article features contemporary threats to teleinformatic networks which evolve together with the development of technical thought. Both currently and in the near future, the factor determining information security is the use of the latest technical developments in order to transmit information. It is essential to answer the question if in the Network Centric Warfare concept, information exchanged in order to command forces and use weapons is safe and if a potential enemy could get it and use it to his own needs. Teleinformatic network organised for the needs of contemporary and forecasted operations in net-centric dimensions requires protection in organisational and technical areas. Technical equipment to transmit information faces high requirements referring to information security. The way of sending information, equipment and connections identification and technical protection of the equipment used causes creating (obstacles) barriers effectively securing information against unauthorised persons. The technical aspect features basic ways of technical protection (security) which will also function in net-centric environment. Particular attention was drawn to the following problems: equipment security, electromagnetic protection, software security (protection), equipment physical protection, cryptographic security (protection). Desired directions of changes in the area of technical equipment development were presented in the conclusion.
6
Content available remote Transformacja artylerii w aspekcie wymagań działań sieciocentrycznych
EN
The requirements of future operations conducted in the Network Centric Warfare space determine the development of artillery. The purpose of the article is to present the forecasted directions of transformations, particularly qualitative ones in order to ensure effective functioning of this kind offerees in new conditions. The leading armies of the world currently implement modern developments in the troops modernisation area. This refers mainly to the USA where the Future Combat Systems (FCS) programme is being introduced. It is also planned that by 2008 the American army will be have been equipped with modern rocket launchers, self-propelled howitzers and NLOS type mortars. These assets are fully autonomous and show high effectiveness, mobility and resistance to enemy activities. Furthermore, they will provide shooting with precise GPS guided missiles which after firing correct their flight trajectory and because of this achieve high accuracy of hitting the target. It is also highly significant to introduce modern reconnaissance assets, mainly imagery ones, as well as command and control automation of fire which will ensure taking optimal advantage of artillery combat capabilities. This modernisation must be carried out in many aspects. Due to the transformations artillery will still remain in the future a basic fire support asset for fighting troops, available to commanders regardless the situation and external conditions.
7
Content available remote Operacje o zamierzonych skutkach
EN
Effects Based Operations (EBO) is a concept/philosophy of effective response to threats emerging in the security area. This concept, which was developed by the Americans, takes advantage of the advances in science, technological progress, as well as experiences and observations on various aspects of combating security threats in the contemporary world. The first part of the article features basis assumptions of the EBO concept. The notion of Effects Based Operations were defined basing on American sources, the notion of holism and systems theory were explained, and also perceiving operational environment according to EBO theory was described. In the second part of the article, the author presents the origins of the concept and its reference to the history of wars. The main idea is to draw attention to strong connection between the way the operations were waged in the past with the basic EBO assumptions. The final part of the article overviews the strategy to implement the EBO concept and practical side of its use. There are included opinions concerning its usability on various levels of command and examples of its application by fighting sub-units on the tactical level in the stabilisation operation in Iraq.
8
Content available remote Kierunki transformacji systemu dowodzenia w środowisku sieciocentrycznym
EN
During recent years, armed forces have been used not only to wage armed fighting but also to support the activities of various international organisations, conduct humanitarian operations or rescue operations during natural disasters. This multitude of tasks necessitates the transformation process which is manifested in the tendency to reach network centric capabilities, i.e. the capabilities to reach the intended operational effect using the information infrastructure. In order to attain this goal, gradual changes should be introduced in the area of organisation of command and command post system (so called Dispersed Virtual Command Post), as well as command process itself. The final effect is to achieve information superiority and consequently decision superiority which allows achieving an intended goal in a short time using the military potential effectively.
9
Content available remote Istota wojny (walki) sieciocentrycznej
EN
NetWork Centric Warfare (NCW) is a notion that frequently appears recently in various publications and considerations relating to development trends and evolution of conducting operations. Today together with technological progress, there emerge more and more sophisticated ways of conducting warfare based most of all on knowledge and appropriate understanding of phenomena taking place in the operations’ environment. Information - its acquisition, analysis and transmission - becomes the key to success. All this linked by technology gives the picture of the range and net-centric capabilities. The introduction of the article features the idea of Network Centric Warfare. There the author explains the importance of key net-centric notions such as Network Centric Warfare, operations or the net-centric idea. In the further part of the article the author presents goals that net-centric operations lead to, for instance deep cooperation, independence in operation or understanding the guiding principle. Then the determinants of conducting net-centric operations in J. Kręcikij's approach were defined. Here several terms were explained such as tendency to gain Information Superiority, acquire access to information, due to the needs of command level, a fast cycle of command, self-synchronisation and many others. The final part of the article shows features that differentiate net-centric operations and Polish Armed Forces ’ capabilities to implement NCW principles and includes a short characteristics of the current state and measures that must be taken in order to achieve full net-centric capabilities. The need to implement NCW solutions is stressed in the conclusions.
EN
The process of identifying operational needs necessary to conduct net-centric operations is connected with tasks defined for the armed forces and resulting from them directions of transformation. As operations within the Alliance are the priority for our Strategy, it can be assumed that the way of defining operational needs within NATO may be also applied to assess operational needs necessary to conduct net-centric operations by the Polish Armed Forces. In the article the author refers to the assumptions developed in NATO strategic commands, i.e. Allied Command Operations (ACO) and Allied Command Transformation (ACT), according to which operational requirements relating to Transformational Objective Areas (TOAs) for NATO forces should be analysed taking into consideration the following areas: Effective Engagement, Integrated Logistics, Expeditionary Operations or Enhanced Civil Military Cooperation (CIMIC). In the further part of the article the author characterises more widely these particular areas. In the conclusion the author stresses special requirements set for the command system which, when appropriate “operational awareness” is reached, will be able to gain superiority and consequently lead to the enemy’s defeat.
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