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Eating behaviours of Gdynia Maritime University students regarding the consumption of beverages as a source of water

Ocieczek Aneta, Kozirok Witold, Kłopotek Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 194

359--373

EN

Purpose: This study aimed to characterise the nutritional behaviour of Gdynia Maritime University students in terms of consuming various types of drinks as a water source. Moreover, the aim was to analyse the determinants of these behaviours in the context of selected socioeconomic parameters that differentiate the studied group of respondents. Design/methodology/approach: The tool used to conduct the study was a survey questionnaire. The questions concerned the nutritional behaviour of students regarding the consumption of beverages as a source of water and the conditions for their diversity. Findings: The main source of water for students was mineral water. Unfortunately, it is associated with environmental pollution related to the packaging of this water (PET bottle). The second important source of water was tap water. This should be considered a manifestation of a developing trend in health-promoting, ecological and economic behaviours among the students. None of the socioeconomic factors differentiated students' behaviours when choosing bottled water. Research limitations/implications: Students constitute a specific group of respondents. It should be expected that their current behaviours will reflect the behaviour of a wider society group, but only in the future. Therefore, the results obtained in this study can be considered limited, especially in the short term. Thus, this study should be conducted in a group of older respondents. Then, the following study should be repeated on older respondents in the distant future. On this basis, it is possible to verify how the change behaviours of respondents over time. The obtained results should allow us to verify the assumption that students' behaviours can be treated as indicators of the behaviours of the future society. Practical implications: Consumers' eating behaviour regarding water consumption has health and environmental consequences. This approach to analysing water consumption is strategic because it concerns the direct and indirect impact on human health and quality of life. Originality/value: The study results were used to formulate conclusions regarding behaviours that determine human health, the state of the environment and, consequently, quality of life.

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Health risk assessment resulting from the presence of Legionella bacteria in domestic hot water in public buildings – the results of a pilot study

Kmiecik Ewa, Wątor Katarzyna, Chochorek Aneta, Kołodziej Mateusz, Mika Anna, Krawiec Arkadiusz, Herzig Janusz

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2021

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Vol. 47, no. 1

41--52

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the risk posed by Legionella bacteria in a public building in Krakow. An old building with internal installation risers of different ages, as well as draw-off points of different types, was selected for testing. Samples were collected during two campaigns. In one sample of the first series of tests, no bacteria were found. During the second series of tests, no Legionella bacilli were found in just one sample and in one sample only 4 colony-forming units were detected. At the remaining draw-off points (water taps), the bacteria count detected were greater than the maximum threshold allowed by legal regulations (admissible threshold for public utility buildings – 100 cfu/100 mL). No morphological differences were observed with respect to the occurrence of specific serogroups. In 14 samples, Legionella pneumophila serogroups 2–14 were found, while the Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was only found in one sample. The risk assessment was also carried out based on a semi-quantitative risk matrix approach and as a quantitative microbial risk assessment. The risk matrix approach was successfully implemented for the recognition of the potential risk associated with the Legionella occurrence in a water system. The calculated annual cumulative risk is high. The research shows that even if the weekly inhalation exposure dose (and therefore the calculated risk) is high, the number of Legionella pneumophila illness cases found can be equal to zero. This is probably due to the large uncertainty associated with QMRA determination. The size of the room in which the contaminated water is used also affects the possibility of infection.

3

Badania zawartości głównych nieorganicznych jonów w wodach z kranu pobranych na terenie Górnego Śląska

Michalski Rajmund, Pecyna-Utylska Paulina, Kernert Joanna

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2020

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nr 1

60--65

PL

Jakość spożywanej wody decyduje w dużym stopniu o naszym zdrowiu, samopoczuciu i komforcie życia. Liczba substancji oznaczanych w niej systematycznie rośnie, co jest związane przede wszystkim z nową wiedzą na temat ich szkodliwości oraz zmianami legislacyjnymi. Badania jakości wód przeznaczonych do spożycia przez ludzi prowadzą wyspecjalizowane laboratoria zgodnie z wymaganiami opisanymi w odpowiednich rozporządzeniach. Niestety, konsumenci czasami są niezadowoleni z jakości spożywanej wody. Przede wszystkim ze względu na jej smak, barwę czy zapach. Ponadto zaznaczają, że jej skład badany w stacji uzdatniania może być inny niż w kranie. W pracy opisano wyniki rocznych badań zawartości głównych nieorganicznych anionów i kationów w wodach z kranu pobieranych w 29 miejscach na terenie Górnego Śląska oraz dla porównania w jednej studni głębinowej.

EN

The quality of consumed water largely determines our health, well-being and comfort of life. The amount of substances determined in it is systematically growing. Which is primarily associated with new knowledge about their harmfulness and legislative changes. Research into the quality of water intended for human consumption is carried out by specialized laboratories in accordance with the requirements described in the relevant ordinances. Unfortunately, consumers are sometimes dissatisfied with the quality of water they consume, primarily because of its taste colour or smell. In additton, they indicate that its composition tested of a water treatment plant may be different than of a tap. The paper describes the results of the annual research on the content of the main inorganic anions and cations in top water collected at 29 locations in Upper Silesia and, for comparison, from one deep well.

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Pić czy nie pić wody z kranu?

Mulik B., Zimoch I.

Wodociągi - Kanalizacja

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2018

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nr 9

10--13

5

Pierwiastki ziem rzadkich (REE) w wodach powierzchniowych i podziemnych Polski na tle innych krajów Europy

Wysocka I. A., Porowski A., Rogowska A. M., Kaczor-Kurzawa D.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 11

692--705

EN

This article is focused on the aspects related to the occurrence and the behavior of REE in hydrosphere. Particular attention is given to the natural waters of Europe including Poland. The data shown in this work are based on the studies and discussions published elsewhere, as well as on own investigations of REE concentrations in the natural waters of Poland (ground- and surface waters). The aim of this article is to present information on REE in different types of waters (ocean, ground- and surface waters). Potential sources of REE in the selected waters and factors affecting their concentrations and distribution patterns (signatures) are discussed. The input of REE originating from human activity is indicated and some examples of anthropogenic factors are presented. Additionally, some general information on natural REE abundances in various environmental compartments and their applications in the industry are provided. The potential influence of some major components on determination of europium content in water samples during measurements by mass spectrometry is also explained.

6

Woda butelkowana a wodociągowa - skład chemiczny, właściwości, przeznaczenie

Latour T.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2015

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T. 69, nr 6

29--32

PL

Podano podstawowe informacje na temat różnych rodzajów wody udostępnianej dla ludności. Wskazano podstawowe różnice, które determinują optymalne i racjonalne stosowanie danej wody. Różnice te dotyczą przede wszystkim pochodzenia wody z różnych zasobów (podziemnych lub powierzchniowych), dopuszczalnych procedur w związku z przygotowaniem wody do udostepnienia, a w następstwie składu chemicznego wody, z której korzysta odbiorca i jej jakości pod względem bezpieczeństwa, a także korzyści dla zdrowia.

EN

Basic information on different types of water, being available to people in everyday use, has been reported. The main differences which determine the optimal and reasonable application of a given type of water have been indicated. The mentioned differences concern, first of all, origin of water coming from different resources (underground of surface), the admitted procedures in connection with treatment of water for consumption purposes and, in consequence, changes in chemical composition of water destined for the user as well as its quality in respect of its safety and advantages to human health.

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Ocena stabilności wody wprowadzanej do sieci wodociągowej

Wolska M., Mołczan M.

Ochrona Środowiska

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2015

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Vol. 37, nr 4

51--56

EN

Both chemical and biological stability of water was assessed from the three water supply networks using different water sources: surface, infiltration and the mixed (surface and groundwater). The oxidizing agent content, Langelier and Ryznar corrosivity indexes and water aggressiveness index were chosen as criteria for the water chemical stability assessment. Water biostability was determined on the basis of nutrient content: inorganic nitrogen and phosphate forms as well as biodegradable organic carbon (BDOC). It was established that in respect of chemical stability, the waters had some common characteristics such as dissolved oxygen and chlorine oxidizing agent content, conducive to the electrochemical corrosion process, as well as lack of an aggressive carbon dioxide with the concurrent lack of calcium-carbonate equilibrium supporting scale formation. The Ryznar index values were indicative of the corrosive potential of water; the surface water samples belonged to a clearly ‘corrosive’ range. The biological instability was a constant feature of the tested waters and it was the excessive inorganic nitrogen content that was the most conducive to the bacterial regrowth in the water. In either case, disinfectant content was determined to be inadequate with regard to prevention of biological recontamination of water, which was in contrast with its excess in relation to water corrosivity criterion.

PL

Chemiczna i biologiczna stabilność wody została oceniona w trzech sieciach wodociągowych wykorzystujących różne źródła wody: powierzchniowe, infiltracji i mieszane (powierzchniowych i podziemnych).

8

Źródełka w każdej szkole

Nowak Z.

Kierunek Wod-Kan

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2015

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Nr 2

49--51

PL

Tej fali nie da się zatrzymać. W polskich szkołach zamontowano już dziesiątki źródełek z wodą kranową do picia, a wkrótce może ich być nawet dziesiątki tysięcy. Wałbrzych wyposażył w nie 35 szkół, Gdańsk 42. Jakie wymagania techniczne powinny spełniać urządzenia, gdzie i jak je montować, jak serwisować i kto ma za to zapłacić?

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Assessment of metal concentrations in tap-water – from source to the tap: a case study from Szczecin, Poland

Górski J., Siepak M.

Geologos

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2014

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Vol. 20, No. 1

25--33

EN

The concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe and Mn were determined in June 2010 for 100 tap-water samples, collected directly at consumers in the older part of the city of Szczecin (Poland). Increased concentrations of metals were thus detected. This concerns mainly Fe (19% of samples showed concentrations above drinking-water quality standards) and Pb (5%). In some samples, the maximum admissible concentration levels for Mn, Cu and Ni were also exceeded. This was not the case for Al, despite the use of aluminium compounds during water treatment; the Al concentrations in treated water were, however, significantly higher than in raw water. It was also found that (1) the corrosive properties of water (low alkalinity and increased concentration of sulphates), (2) the water-treatment processes causing a decrease of the pH and an increase of the CO2, and (3) transport of the treated water over long distances (30 km) provide favourable conditions for the leaching of metals from water-pipe networks. The type of material used in domestic plumbing and the content of Ce, Fe, Mn, Ni and Cd in the tap-water at consumers show a correlation. The high content of Pb is mainly a result of lead pipes connecting the network to the buildings.

10

Preparation and distribution management of potable hot water

Vranayova Z., Ocipova D.

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2008

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nr (5)

344--349

EN

There are a lot guidelines and regulations developed in many individual countries for the design, operation and maintenance for tap water systems to avoid the growth of bacteria Legionella. The aim of this study is to show the necessity of regulations for installations inside buildings and to enhance maintenance and operation of the system to reach high reliability hand in hand with cooperation of the competent staff. The core of the article stems from the ‘STN EN 806 Specifications for installations inside buildings conveying water for human consumption’ that have been accepted by the Slovak Republic and prepared Technical report TC 164 and our investigation of Legionella contamination of hot water in a cross-sectional survey in Kosice, the Slovak Republic. In brief we would like to emphasize demands for implementation of precautionary regulations and facility management in conditions of the Slovak Republic.