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Composites of rigid polyurethane foam and shredded car window glass particles - structure and mechanical properties

Smoleń Jakub, Olszowska Karolina, Godzierz Marcin

Composites Theory and Practice

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2021

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R. 21, nr 4

135--140

EN

This publication describes the effect of shredded (milled) car windows on the structure and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam. The multi-stage shredding (crushing + milling) process for car windows provides an effective method for reusing the material as a filler. The proposed method of the mechanical recycling of windshields is energy-consuming, which increases the costs of recycling processes. At the same time, this method is scalable, which allows the processes to be transferred from the laboratory to the industrial scale. The mechanical properties of the foams reinforced with shredded glass were assessed by performing a compression test in accordance with standard PN EN 826. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness in increasing the compressive strength for the two-component polyurethane foam with densities of 30, 50 and 70 kg/m3. The addition of milled glass in the amounts of 10, 20, 30% by weight increases the compressive strength of the rigid foams from 10 to even 90%. The filler particles create areas where new pores form, resulting in the reinforced PUR foams having more small pores than the neat PUR foams. The sharp edges of the glass particles act as “cutting blades” for the pores that form, which is manifested by the foil effect on the filler surface.

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Structure and Properties of Lightweight Ceramic Aggregates Based on Local Silesian Waste Materials

Smoleń J., Pawlik T., Sopicka-Lizer M., Michalik D.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2018

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Vol. 63, iss. 3

1321--1328

EN

This paper is focused on the manufacturing and properties of light weight aggregates made from local waste materials. The waste materials were car windshield glass contaminated by PVB foil, fly ash, mine slates as well as wastes after toothpaste production. The main aim of the research was to combine car windshield glass and the aluminosilicate coal mine slates as a basis for light weight aggregates manufacturing. Fly ash were added in order to modify rheological properties of the plastic mass. Toothpaste wastes were introduced as a source of carbonates and CO2 evolution during thermal treatment. After milling and mixing all materials they were pressed and sintered at temperature range of 950°C-1100°C in air. The results show that it is possible to receive light weight aggregates only from the Silesian local waste materials. The significant influence of sintering temperature on properties of aggregates was observed.

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Influence of leather tanning waste addition and sintering parameters on physical and mechanical properties of ceramic granules

Godzierz M., Wilkołek P., Torun G., Pawlik T., Sopicka-Lizer M.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2016

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Vol. 37, nr 3

131--136

EN

This paper presents results of manufacturing the ceramic porous granules made of the local waste materials. These granules were produced from the mixture of the car wind-shield glass contaminated by residuals of the PVB foil and aluminosilicate-based mine slates. Addition of the leather tanning wastes was used in order to increase granules porosity without significant decrease of mechanical properties. The paper shows the effect of tanning wastes addition and sintering parameters on the properties of the resultant granules in comparison to the leather-free product. Porosity, apparent density and water absorption were examined according to EN 1097 standard, and compressive strength was examined according to UNE-EN 13055-1 standard. Differences in the microstructure of granules were examined using scanning electron microscope. Partial substitution of both starting materials by tanning wastes and/or the two-step sintering regime could significantly improve the physical properties, what has been shown in the present paper.

PL

Głównym celem pracy było zbadanie możliwości zagospodarowania lokalnych odpadów do produkcji lekkich kruszyw. W badaniach uwzględniono odpady takie jak łupek przywęglowy, szkło samochodowe zanieczyszczone folią PVB oraz odpady z garbowania skór. Głównym problemem ponownego przetwarzania szkła samochodowego jest jego warstwowa struktura — dwie warstwy szkła są przedzielone warstwą polimeru poliwinylobutyralowego, PVB. Mechaniczna separacja pozwala na rozdzielenie materiałów, lecz zanieczyszczenie polimerem dyskwalifikuje szkło do ponownego wytworzenia z nich szyb samochodowych. Wykorzystywane jest obecnie w produkcji waty szklanej, jak również jako wypełniacz do betonu. Jednym z możliwych rozwiązań zagospodarowania tych odpadów jest produkcja lekkich kruszyw zawierających w składzie recyklat szkła oraz łupek przywęglowy bądź inny materiał glinokrzemianowy. Granule takie mogą być zastosowane w wielu dziedzinach, jak architektura, ogrodnictwo czy jako wypełniacz do betonu. Najbardziej restrykcyjnym obszarem zastosowań jest budownictwo dróg, co jest związane ze spełnieniem przez granulat szeregu norm. W pracy autorzy przedstawili wyniki badań wpływu dodatków garbowniczych, sposobu wprowadzenia do mieszanki oraz parametrów ich spiekania na podstawowe właściwości ceramicznych kruszyw lekkich.