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Experimental verification of the usefulness of selected infrasound and low-frequency noise (ILFN) indicators in assessing the noise annoyance of wind turbines

Wszołek Tadeusz, Mleczko Dominik, Pawlik Paweł, Kłaczyński Maciej, Małecki Paweł, Stępień Bartłomiej

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2022

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Vol. 33, nr 3

art. no. 2022315

EN

This paper presents an overview of the indices used in evaluating ILFN noise, based on C and G weighting curves and LC-LA difference parameter, as well as curves compared to the loudness threshold curve. The research section includes measurement results of wind turbine (WT) noise along with proposed indicators for evaluating this noise in the infrasound and low-frequency bands at distances of 250 m, 500 m and 1000 m from the turbine. The results obtained indicate low noise levels in the infrasound band, lower than the threshold curves from a dozen or so dB in the upper part of this band to nearly 60 dB in the lower part. The LC-LA indicator has been shown to be of poor utility for evaluating low-frequency noise, with the LG indicator reasonably useful for evaluating infrasound noise.

2

Experimental research of the AMWG algorithm for assessing amplitude modulation in wind turbine noise

Czapla Marcjanna, Wszołek Tadeusz

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2022

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Vol. 33, nr 3

art. no. 2022317

EN

The operation of a wind turbine (WT) is characterized by fluctuations in sound pressure amplitude associated with the passage of the propeller blade through the tower. Amplitude Modulation (AM) is one of the factors that contributes to the increased annoyance of wind turbine noise. The phenomenon of AM is currently the subject of research in many research centers around the world in the context of a parametric assessment of its impact on annoyance. Despite the development of many methods to measure the AM of a WT noise, there is no commonly accepted method. This paper discusses the most crucial factors that stimulate the phenomenon of AM and the implementation in the MATLAB environment of the algorithm to find the frequency and depth of AM proposed by the Amplitude Modulation Working Group (AMWG). The results of verification of the developed algorithm as well as the measurement results of the frequency and depth of modulation for two measurement samples of a 2 MW wind turbine are presented.

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Proposed Methodology for the Annoyance Penalty of Amplitude Modulated Wind Turbine Noise

Makarewicz Rufin

Archives of Acoustics

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2022

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Vol. 47, No. 1

125--128

EN

Amplitude modulation increases the annoyance caused by wind turbine noise. One gets the improved annoyance when a penalty is added to the measured or calculated time-average sound level. The amplitude modulated wind turbine noise consists of pulses. Each of them could be characterized by the short time-average sound level and the modulation depth. The latter determines the pulse penalty. This paper shows how to calculate the improved annoyance of amplitude modulated wind turbine noise, when the short time-average sound level and the penalty for each pulse are known. A special case of identical pulses is discussed. The proposed methodology needs to be tested by research.

4

Analysis of the Usefulness of Measurement on a Board at Ground Level for Assessing the Noise Level from a Wind Turbine

Wszołek Tadeusz, Pawlik Paweł, Mleczko Dominik, Chronowska Jagna

Archives of Acoustics

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2020

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Vol. 45, No. 1

165--175

EN

The specific working conditions of the wind turbine in strong wind cause a number of problems in the measurement of noise indicators used in its short and long-term assessment. The wind is a natural working environment of the turbine, but it also affects the measurement system, moreover, it can be a secondary source of other sounds that interfere with the measurement. One of the effective methods of eliminating the direct impact of wind on the measurement system is placing the microphone on the measurement board at ground level. However, the obtained result can not be directly compared with the admissible values, as it has to be converted to a result at a height of 4 m. The results of previous studies show that this relation depends, inter alia, on the speed and direction of the wind. The paper contains the results of measurements on the measurement board, according to EN 61400-11:2013, and at a height of 4 m above ground made simultaneously in three points around the 2 MW turbine at various instantaneous speeds and changing wind directions. Analysis of the impact of measuring point location on the measurement result of noise indicators and the occurrence of additional features affecting the relationship between the values measured on the board and at the height of 4 m, and especially the tonality, amplitude modulation and content of low frequency content, was made.

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Noise and Infrasonic Noise at Workplaces in a Wind Farm

Pleban D., Radosz J., Smagowska B.

Archives of Acoustics

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2017

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Vol. 42, No. 3

491--498

EN

Dynamic development of wind power should take into account requirements resulting from environmental protection and human health. However in the case of occupational exposure to noise emitted by wind turbines (workplaces of wind turbine operation personnel, including persons performing maintenance) there are no documented data in literature in this regard. An example of pilot assessments of noise and infrasonic noise at workplaces in a wind farm is presented in the paper. The results of measurements and assessments of noise emitted by the wind turbines Vestas V80-2.0 MW show that noise does not constitute health hazard for wind farm workers. Furthermore infrasonic noise emitted by the wind turbines Vestas V80-2.0 MW is not an annoyance agent for wind farm workers.

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Analiza propagacji hałasu siłowni wiatrowych na etapie planowania farmy wiatrowej Wieliszewo (województwo pomorskie)

Gnyp P.

Archiwum Gospodarki Odpadami i Ochrony Środowiska

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2016

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Vol. 18, nr 1

7--14

EN

The noise analysis of wind turbines was performed using wind energy software WindPRO. For the calculation parameters of Vestas V100 wind turbine with a nominal power of 2 MW generator, the tower height of 95 m and a maximum sound power level of 105 dB was used. Considered acceptable levels of noise emissions of wind turbines in accordance with „Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska, z dnia 14 czerwca 2007r. w sprawie dopuszczalnych poziomów hałasu w środowisku, (Dz. U. Nr 120 poz. 826).” Analysis of noise propagation was performed in accordance with „Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 7 listopada 2014 r. w sprawie wymagań w zakresie prowadzenia pomiarów wielkości emisji oraz pomiarów ilości pobieranej wody, (Dz. U. z 2014 r., poz. 1542)”. The calculation method has been applied in accordance with ISO standard PN-ISO 9613-2. The map showing the propagation of noise with isolines for a Wieliszewo wind farm was generated. The results analysis show no exceeding noise limit values at the calculation points.

PL

Analizę propagacji hałasu siłowni wiatrowych wykonano przy użyciu specjalistycznego oprogramowania dla energetyki wiatrowej WindPRO. Do obliczeń wykorzystano parametry siłowni wiatrowej Vestas V100 o mocy nominalnej generatora 2 MW, wysokości wieży 95 m i maksymalnej mocy akustycznej na poziomie 105 dB. Zostały uwzględnione dopuszczalne poziomy emisji hałasu siłowni wiatrowych zgodnie z Rozporządzeniem Ministra Środowiska, z dnia 14 czerwca 2007r. w sprawie dopuszczalnych poziomów hałasu w środowisku, (Dz. U. Nr 120 poz. 826). Analiza propagacji hałasu została wykonana w zgodzie z Rozporządzeniem Ministra Środowiska z dnia 7 listopada 2014 r. w sprawie wymagań w zakresie prowadzenia pomiarów wielkości emisji oraz pomiarów ilości pobieranej wody (Dz. U. z 2014 r., poz. 1542). Zastosowano metodę obliczeniową zgodna z normą PN-ISO 9613-2. Wygenerowano izofony obrazujące propagację hałasu dla farmy wiatrowej Wieliszewo. Wyniki analizy wskazują na brak przekroczeń dopuszczalnych poziomów immisji hałasu dla przyjętych punktów obliczeniowych.

7

Acoustic Study of REpower MM92 Wind Turbines During Exploitation

Kłaczyński M., Wszołek T.

Archives of Acoustics

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2014

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Vol. 39, No. 1

3--10

EN

The paper presents the current state of knowledge concerning the sources of noise generated by wind turbines, force measurement methodology, and assessment of noise onerousness in this type of installation, on the basis of a study concerning a wind farm with five REpower MM92 wind turbines and the electric power of 2 MW and the sound power level of 104.2 dB(A) each. Particular attention was focused on the often discussed problem of presence of infrasound generated by turbines and on the requirements of the applicable reference methodologies for the measurement of wind speed to 5 m/s, while the turbine reaches its full power at speeds above 10 m/s.

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Acoustic properties of small wind turbines

Szulczyk J., Cempel C.

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2012

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Vol. 25

405--410

EN

The study of vibroacoustic properties of small wind turbines with a vertical axis laboratory test conditions used in the form of an anechoic chamber in the Acoustics Laboratory, Institute of Energy, Department of Heat in. Anechoic chamber design allowed the installation of a duct through which the airflow is adjusted by means of a centrifugal fan mounted at the inlet of the waveguide. The paper presents the identification of the acoustic parameters of acoustic small wind turbines with a vertical axis comprising: a) determination of sound power levels for different classes of frequency characteristics and test wind turbines work b) identification of the components of the spectrum frequency - amplitude associated mainly with turbine speeds and frequencies of their own, such as duct The result of research was to obtain input data to define a more dedicated to the identification of measurement noise and vibration characteristics of wind turbines such as the efficiency of vibroacoustic, cepstrum analysis or dimensional analysis.