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Study of Genetic Variability of Mastic Tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.) in Moroccan Areas – Macro-Biochemical Characterization

Bouta Wassila, El Rasafi Taoufik, Bouda Said, Haddioui Abdelmajid

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 3

43--50

This study focuses on the characterization of the macro-biochemical composition of leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. from 11 natural populations in Morocco, in order to allow genetic differentiation of this species. This characterization of the studied population allows research and identification of the most informative markers and analysis of relatedness between populations and their origin sites. The results of ANOVA showed that there were significant differences (p = 0.05) in total sugar content, dry matter content and fiber content between the studied populations. Organic matter, dry matter and total nitrogen contents were positively and significantly correlated with energy values (r = 0.92 and 0.962). In contrast, negative significant correlations were found between dry matter, minerals, fat content and carbohydrates (r = -0.217, -0.379). The results of principal component analysis showed that the 11 studied populations were dispersed among four groups, regardless of their geographical proximity. This grouping is confirmed by hierarchical classification.

Long-Term Changes in Population Density of Nest-Box Breeding Great Tits and Blue Tits in Two Contrasting Habitats in Central Poland

Glądalski M., Wawrzyniak J., Bańbura M., Kaliński A., Markowski M., Skwarska J., Zieliński P., Bańbura J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2016

Vol. 64, nr 3

399--408

Urbanization affects the ecological and behavioral traits of various species of animals, including birds.We present results concerning long-term fluctuations in breeding densities of nest-box populations of the Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus and the Great Tit Parus major in two, structurally and floristically contrasting types of habitat (an urban parkland and a rich deciduous forest) located 10 km apart, in central Poland. This study was conducted in 1999–2012 in the parkland site and in 2002–2012 in the forest site. We found a strong correlation of year-to-year changes in breeding densities of Great Tits between the parkland site and the forest site and a lack of such a correlation in Blue Tits. Breeding densities of Great Tits were much higher in the parkland than in the forest area every year during the study period. Annual changes in breeding densities were not correlated between the species studied. The North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO-winter index) tended to influence the density dynamics of the two bird species in the forest area but not in the parkland area.

Age structure and reproduction rates of the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.) population in agriculture landscape (Czech Republic)

Zíka T., Šálek M., Holá M., Hanzal V., Hart V., Kušta T., Ježek M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2014

Vol. 62, nr 4

751--759

Detailed knowledge of demographic parameters (such as age structure and reproduction rates) is crucial for guiding conservation and management decisions regarding wildlife populations. Such parameters of wild ring-necked pheasant populations in the current agricultural landscape remain very poorly described. We researched age structure and reproduction rates of predominantly wild populations of the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.) across the intensively managed agricultural landscape of the Czech Republic. The study area is influenced only marginally by hand-reared pheasants (i.e. as shown by comparison of the average number of released individuals in the study area: 0.3 ♂/yr/1km2 and 0.9 ♀/yr/1km2 and average number of released individuals and harvested in the study area: 8.6 ♂/yr/1km2) and there is a long-term huntable pheasant population. To determine the age of individuals, we used proximal primary feather shaft diameters of 1487 feather samples from males hunted between 2009 and 2011. Moreover, we evaluated the age structure of females as well as both sexes together based on the sex ratio and annual game census. We found a relatively high proportion of adults in the population in comparison with other studies. However, the number of adults decreased throughout the years: 2009 (♂ 44.7%; ♀ 69.5%; ♂♀ 60.7%), 2010 (♂ 35.2%; ♀ 61.3%; ♂♀ 51.5%), 2011 (♂ 29.8%; ♀ 57.4%; ♂♀ 47.0%). The decrease of adults went hand in hand with increase of juveniles and reproduction rates of the study population: 2009 (♂ 124%; ♀ 44%; ♂♀ 65%), 2010 (♂ 184%; ♀ 63%; ♂♀ 94%), 2011 (♂ 236%; ♀ 74%; ♂♀ 113%). Only males were hunted in the study area so we determined higher proportions of females in population for all years. This is the main reason why the reproduction rate of females was lower in percentage expression. Generally, our results showed lower productivity of pheasants in the Czech agricultural landscape in comparison with earlier published studies conducted in the US and UK. However, these studies were published many years ago and thus do not reflect the actual environmental conditions and changes which took place recently (i.e. agricultural intensification).