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Changes in the quality of shallow groundwater in agriculturally used catchment in the Wiśnickie Foothills (Southern Poland)

Bojarczuk Anna, Jelonkiewicz Ewelina, Jelonkiewicz Łukasz, Lenart-Boroń Anna

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2019

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Vol. 45, no. 1

19--25

EN

The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the chemical composition of shallow groundwater and its quality that have occurred in the last decade in an agriculturally used, heavily populated and characterized by a complex geological structure, catchment of the Stara Rzeka river, located in the flysch part of the Outer Carpathians. Water samples were collected during 2013 from 19 still operating wells. Analyses of pH, electrolytic conductivity and chemical composition by ion chromatography were conducted. The obtained results were compared with the results of studies conducted in 2003 for the same wells. The quality of groundwater and its suitability for consumption was assessed based on the regulations currently existing in Poland. 21% of the wells still do not meet the requirements for drinking water in terms of at least one component. However, there was a decrease in the concentration of mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in most of the wells and their mean concentration as compared to 2003 was reduced. In terms of physical and chemical characteristics groundwater of this region is typical of the hypergenic zone of the temperate climate. The highest concentrations were observed for Ca2+ and HCOˉ3 - ions, while K+ and Clˉ were characterized by the largest variability. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the factors determining the quality and chemical composition of the analyzed waters include the composition of bedrock (mineralogy of the rock environment) and human economic activity, and that they have not been significantly changed over the past decade.

PL

Celem opracowania jest zbadanie zmian składu chemicznego płytkich wód podziemnych i ich jakości jakie zaszły w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu w użytkowanej rolniczo, silnie zaludnionej, cechującej się skomplikowaną budową geologiczną zlewni Starej Rzeki, położonej we fliszowych Karpatach Zewnętrznych. W 2013 roku z 19 nadal użytkowanych studni pobrano próbki wody i poddano je analizie pH, przewodnictwa elektrolitycznego właściwego oraz składu chemicznego metodą chromatografii jonowej. Uzyskane wyniki porównano z wynikami badań z 2003 roku dla tych samych studni. Jakość wody podziemnej i jej przydatność do spożycia przez ludzi oceniono na podstawie obowiązujących w Polsce przepisów. 21% studni nadal nie spełnia wymogów stawianych wodzie do picia w zakresie przynajmniej jednego składnika, jednakże zaobserwowano spadek stężenia mineralnych form azotu i fosforu w większości studni oraz zmniejszenie się ich stężenia średniego w stosunku do 2003 r. Pod względem cech fizycznych i chemicznych wody podziemne tego regionu są typowe dla strefy hipergenicznej klimatu umiarkowanego. Najwyższe stężenia miały jony Ca2+ i HCOˉ3-, a najwyższą zmiennością cechowały się natomiast jony K+ i Clˉ. Analiza składowych głównych (PCA) dowiodła, że czynnikami decydującymi o jakości i składzie chemicznym wód są skład podłoża skalnego oraz gospodarcza działalność człowieka i nie uległy one znaczącym zmianom w minionym dziesięcioleciu.

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Wykorzystanie wielowymiarowych metod statystycznych w analizie stanu fizykochemicznego wód w systemie rzeka – zbiornik retencyjny na przykładzie zbiorników retencyjnych Pakosław i Jutrosin położonych w zlewni rzeki Orli

Przybyła C., Kozdrój P., Sojka M.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2015

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Tom 17, cz. 2

1125--1141

EN

The paper presents a preliminary study of analysis water quality in the off-channel reservoirs Pakoslaw and Jutrosin using the multivariate statistical techniques. Because of high biogenic pollution in Orla and Radeca rivers, Jutrosin and Pakoslaw reservoirs were based on an innovative concept in which the reservoirs were built on areas directly adjacent to rivers. Series of studies in the off-channel reservoirs were compared with water quality of Orla and Radeca rivers. The Orla together with the water reservoirs forms a right-bank tributary of the Barycz river. The storage reservoirs, built in the year 2007 (Pakoslaw) and 2011 (Jutrosin) represents off-channel reservoirs placed outside of the water course, but in its direct neighborhood. The reservoirs are filled by the water of Orla river from the water intake localized before the weir, while the water discharge into the river bed takers place through a discharge construction localized below the weir. Area of the Pakoslaw water reservoir is 26.6 ha and Jutrosin 90.5 ha. The multivariate statistical techniques such as cluster analysis (CA), factor analysis (FA), principal components analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis (DA) were taken advantage to interpretation and evaluation data. The aim of the present research was to use chemometric techniques (CA, PCA, FA and DA) in order to: discover similarities and differences in the pchysico-chemical composition of water in off-channel reservoirs and rivers, identify water quality indicators suited to its temporal and spatial variability, expose hidden factors accounting for the structure of the data, and identify man-made sources of water pollution. Cluster analysis (CA) showed that there is unmistakable difference between water quality in the reservoirs and rivers. More evident fluctuation in the physico-chemical composition were observed in reservoirs compared to rivers. This is the result of unique location and theirs maintenance. Factors of water quality during the refilling reservoirs were comparable. Afterwards the off-channel reservoirs and rivers works separately. Factor analysis (FA) confirmed different process of self-purification in reservoirs due to rivers. Typical for pchysico-chemical composition of water are indexes like Conductivity, Fe, Cl, BOD, SO4, Ca, Hardness, Mg, O2 and PO4. This is the result of discriminant analysis (DA).

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Czynniki kształtujące jakość płytkich wód podziemnych na Pogórzu Wiśnickim

Jelonkiewicz E., Jelonkiewicz Ł. P., Wolanin A..

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/1

786--790

EN

The aimof this study was to investigate the chemical composition of groundwater and the factors affecting it in the Stara Rzeka catchment located in the marginal zone of the Carpathian Mountains in theWioenickie Foothills. Nineteen samples of water were collected from wells and their pH and electrolytic conductivity were measured. The chemical composition of the samples, including 14 ions was determined by ion chromatography. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed to isolate the factors affecting the quality of groundwater. Geological structure and anthropogenic pressure proved to be the determining factors. The cluster analysis was also used in this study and it allowed to group the analyzed waters in terms of their mutual similarity. Additionally, the chemical composition of water samples was determined with regard to their suitability for human consumption.