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EN
In this article we give some results on perturbation theory of 2 x 2 block operator matrices on the product of Banach spaces. Furthermore, we investigate their M-essential spectra. Finally, we apply the obtained results to determine the M-essential spectra of two group transport operators with general boundary conditions in the Banach space Lp([-a, a] x [-1, 1]) x Lp([-a, a] x [-1, 1]), p ≥ 1 and a > 0.
EN
Today, spectrophotometrics is a promising tool for non-invasive examination of the optical properties of human skin. The spectrum obtained during the study is carefully analysed by models developed by many scientists. Developed multilayer models are designed to reflect the most faithful processes occurring in the skin, its layers and essential elements. Many skin diseases are diagnosed: vitiligo, hemangios, skin birthmarks, melanoma. The article provides an overview of interesting solutions using spectrophotometrics in the process of diagnosing skin diseases.
PL
Obecnie spektrofotometria jest obiecującym narzędziem do nieinwazyjnego badania właściwości optycznych ludzkiej skóry. Otrzymane podczas badania widma poddawane są wnikliwej analizie dzięki opracowanym przez wielu naukowców modeli. Opracowane modele wielowarstwowe mają na celu oddać najwierniej procesy zachodzące w skórze, jej warstwy i istotne elementy. Diagnozowanych jest wiele chorób skóry: bielactwo, naczyniaki, znamiona skórne, czerniak. Artykuł przedstawia przegląd ciekawych rozwiązań z użyciem spektrofotometrii w procesie diagnostyki chorób skóry.
EN
The paper presents possibilities of using the so-called „finger-print“ identification method and artificial neural network (ANN) for diagnosis of chemical compounds. The construction of a tool specifically developed for this purpose and the ANN, as well as the required conditions for its proper functioning were described. The identification of chemical compounds was tested in two different ways for proving correctness of the assumptions. First of all, initial studies were carried out with the objective to verify the proper functioning of the developed procedure for IR spectrum interpretation. The second research stage was to find out how the properties of artificial neural networks will satisfy identification or differentiation in case of spectra with very similar structures or for mixtures consisting of several chemical compounds. Interpretation of infrared spectra of mono-constituent substances was successfully performed for both - the training and test data. Interpretation process of infrared spectra of bi-component substances, based on the example of structurally related compounds obstructing identification process, should also be described as positive. The model was able to interpret spectra of mixtures, which were previously registered into the database. Unfortunately, the program is not always able to determine which chemical substances reflect their presence in the infrared spectrum of ternary mixtures. During the research tests, it was also noted that the more complex the structure of a substance being present in the mixture was, the more difficult the interpretation of the spectra to be carry out properly by the program was. On the other hand, positive results were obtained for mixtures of compounds with not so complex structure. It must be emphasized that the results so far are promising and more attention should be paid to them in further studies.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono możliwości zastosowania sztucznej sieci neuronowej w identyfikacji związków chemicznych metodą tzw. „odcisku palca” oraz opisano budowę opracowanego specjalnie do tego celu narzędzia z wykorzystaniem SSN, jak też sprecyzowano wymogi, jakie muszą być spełnione do jej poprawnego funkcjonowania.
EN
This paper presents a combination of the “finger-print” identification method and artificial neural networks (ANN) for effective diagnostics of chemical compounds from their infrared spectra. Identification of chemical compounds on the basis of their IR spectra is a serious problem in absorption spectrophotometry, used in practical chemical analysis. Using ANN to diagnose chemical compounds opens up new abilities for effective identification, not only in terms of speeding the process up but also in view of modeling complex nonlinear signals. A programming tool is developed in Microsoft Visual C# and tested on the basis of one hundred chemical compounds used to teach the ANN. The self-learning ability of ANN is used to construct a relationship between input and output parameters. Using AAN is also possible both to ignore redundant data and those whose impact on the phenomenon is negligible, so it is focused on the input data having a major impact on the modeled process. ANN is used to diagnose one hundred chemical compounds and further studies will be focused on possible expanding the database to include some other compounds.
PL
W artykule opisano spektrofotometryczną metodę określania temperatury łuku elektrycznego palącego się w szczelinie międzystykowej łącznika na podstawie zarejestrowanych widm ciągłych, oraz wpływ rodzaju materiału styków i ich cech konstrukcyjnych na jej wartość.
EN
The article presents a spectrophotometric method for determining temperature of electric arc burning in an inter-contact gap of a switch based on recorded continuous spectra. Influence of the material and design of the contacts on the temperature values is also discussed.
6
Content available remote "Recepturowanie" widm w świetle widzialnym i bliskiej podczerwieni
PL
W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe założenia recepturowania dla powłok zawierających pigmenty w nietypowym zastosowaniu „recepturowania" widma w paśmie bliskiej podczerwieni.
EN
In the article is showing the fundamental principles of matching for the coating contains the pigments in nontypical using for the "matching" spectrum in near infrared.
7
Content available remote Radiation defects in some oxide compounds
EN
Yttrium-aluminum garnets, yttrium aluminum perovskite, strontium and barium lanthanum and gadolinium gallates, lithium niobate and tantalate as-grown crystals and doped by diffusion with rare-earth (Nd, Dy, Er, Tm, Ho, Pr, Ce, Eu) and ions of the first transition series (Mn, Cr, Cu, Fe) were investigated optically and using Electron Spin Resonance method before and after gamma, electron and proton irradiation.
PL
W pracy badano widma absorpcji, luminescencji, termoluminescencji i zmiany widm absorpcji i luminescencji, po naświetleniu monokryształów granatów itrowo- aluminiowych, galatów strontowo-gadolinowego oraz barowo-lantanowego i strontowo-lantanowego, niobianu litu oraz tantalanu litu domieszkowanych objętościowo lub dyfuzyjnie ziemiami rzadkimi (Nd, Dy, Er, Tm, Ho,Pr, Ce, Eu) oraz metalami przejściowymi (Mn, Cr, Cu, Fe), kwantami gamma, elektronami i protonami. Przeprowadzono również pomiary widm EPR przed i po napromieniowaniu badanych kryształów.
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