The cooling and lubricating liquids widely used in metal machining are more and more often considered to be harmful to the natural environment and human health. For economic and ecological reasons the industry and research institutions are searching for methods and measures to limit or eliminate them. This is naturally determined by the conditions that the quality of machined surfaces has to be the same or at least comparable to that obtained with conventional cooling methods. The article presents the results of research into the influence of cooling and lubrication on surface layer physical properties -microhardness and microstructure changes, after turning the C45 and X2CrNiMo 17-12-2 steel dry, with minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) and emulsion in a wide range of cutting parameters. Significant differences in the microhardness parameter HV0,02 and surface layer microstructure depending on the cutting zone cooling and lubrication conditions have been observed. The research has also shown that despite difficulty in turning X2CrNiMo 17-12-2 steel, properly selected cutting parameters help to limit or eliminate fluids used in conventional cooling and lubrication and still obtain comparable or even better surface layer quality.
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