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Parametric Analysis on the Progression of Mechanical Properties on FSW of Aluminum-Copper Plates

Deepati Anil Kumar, Alhazmi Waleed, Zakri Waleed, Shaban Essam, Biswas Pankaj

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no 2

168--178

EN

The contemporary work manifests that friction stir welding (FSW) is a viable avenue for joining AA1100 aluminium (Al) to C12200 copper (Cu) plates. In this present study, the response of distinctive welding parameters (viz. tool geometries, tool rotational speed, tool travel speed, and tool plunging depth) on weld quality has been investigated. The present work focused on both microstructural investigation and mechanical properties examination. It has been observed that the process parameters have significant effects on weld quality. The design of the experiments has been executed considering four welding input parameters in two variables and selected L-16 orthogonal array to limit the experimental replications. It has been observed that good quality of welds produced by keeping the tool pin offset around 4mm towards the aluminium side and 2mm towards the copper side. And it has also been noticed that right-hand threaded tool pins are giving good weld quality compared to left-handed thread. The joint efficiencies for the welds E2, E14 which were welded by RHT tools were 75.3% and 74.61% and the Strength (UTS) of the welds for the same tools exhibit’s greater than the LHT tools i.e., 98 and 95Mpa. Moderate hardness values are observed for the same welds E1 and E14 with the parameters 1100rpm, 98welding speed, and 1.6mm tool plunge depth. . It also noticed that the weld quality can be significantly enhanced by using proper tool plunge and tool pin geometries compared to the other process parameters.

2

Mikrostruktura złącza spawanego

Blicharski Marek, Dymek Stanisław

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

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2019

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Vol. 86, nr 4

108--116

PL

Mikrostruktura złącza spawanego cechuje się bardzo dużą niejednorodnością na jego przekroju, a ponadto jest zależna od materiału spawanego, użytego spoiwa oraz od zastosowanej metody i warunków spawania. Ze względu na dużą różnorodność materiałów spawanych oraz parametrów spawania w artykule przedyskutowano tylko podstawowe zasady tworzenia się mikrostruktury spoiny. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na redystrybucję pierwiastków rozpuszczonych oraz na kształt i stabilność frontu krystalizacji podczas krzepnięcia spoin. Scharakteryzowano poszczególne strefy złącza spawanego oraz omówiono szczegółowo czynniki wpływające na mikrostrukturę spoiny oraz strefy wpływu ciepła.

EN

Weld microstructure observed on the weld cross-section is highly inhomogeneous and depends on joined materials, filler metals, welding methods as well welding conditions. Due to large variety of welded materials and applied welding parameters the paper discusses only the basic principles that govern the evolution of microstructure during welding. In particular, the redistribution of alloying elements during solidification as well as the shape and stability of the crystallization front were addressed in detail. Also, particular regions of weld were described in a thorough manner with an emphasis on factors influencing the weld microstructure.

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Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Electron Beam Welded Joints of High Strength S960QL and Weldox 1300 Steel Grades

Błacha S., Węglowski M. S., Dymek S., Kopyściański M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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Vol. 62, iss. 2A

627--634

EN

The paper shows the results of metallographic examination and mechanical properties of electron beam welded joints of quenched and tempered S960QL and Weldox 1300 steel grades. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of producing good quality electron beam welded joints without filler material. Metallographic examination revealed that the concentrated electron beam significantly affects the changes of microstructure in the weld and the adjacent heat affected zone (HAZ) in both steel grades. The microstructure of the welded joints is not homogeneous. The four zones, depending on the distance from the weld face, can be distinguished. Basically, the microstructure of the weld consists of a mixture of martensite and bainite. However, the microstructure of HAZ depends on the distance from the fusion line. It is composed of martensite near the fusion line and a mixture of bainite and ferrite in the vicinity of the base material. Significant differences in mechanical properties of the welded joints were observed. For a butt welded joint of the S960QL steel grade the strength is at the level of the strength of the base material (Rm = 1074 MPa). During the bending test the required angle of 180° was achieved. The impact strength at –40°C was 71,7 J/cm2 . In the case of the Weldox 1300 steel grade butt welded joints exhibit high mechanical properties (Rm = 1470 MPa), however, the plastic properties are on the lower level than for the base material.

4

The influence of welding heat input on the microstructure of joints of S1100QL steel in one-pass welding

Nowacki J., Sajek A., Matkowski P.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 16, no. 4

777--783

EN

Microstructure transformations of a welded joint of the of quenched and tempered advanced high-strength S1100QL steel in relation to the heat input and its effect on the strength of the joint. The gas metal arc welding method was used with varying values of the heat input in the range from 5.5 to 7.1 kJ/cm. Metallographic examination, hardness, impact strength, and tensile strength tests were carried out. Innovative methodology of welding impact test using drop tower impact resistance tester, has been applied. Joints with strength higher than that of welded steel were created. The amount of heat input necessary to produce joints of S1100QL steel whose strength would be higher than that of parent material was determined. The advantages of using S1100QL steel were indicated and a method of one-pass welding that allows for production of joints of optimum strength parameters with the use of mismatched filler metals was presented. As the result of detailed weld cracking dynamics analysis of the S1100QL steel the course of joint deformation was determined as a function of time, loading force and impact energy. It was found that the dynamically loaded samples welded with lower heat input display higher limit of elasticity, which is manifested by higher loading forces and longer deformation time.

5

The role of shielding gas on mechanical, metallurgical and corrosion properties of corten steel welded joints of Railway Coaches using GMAW

John B., Paulraj S., Mathew J.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2016

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Vol. 10, nr 32

156--168

EN

This analysis lays emphasis on finding a suitable combination of shielding gas for welding underframe members such as sole bar of Railway Coaches made of corten steel; for improved mechanical, metallurgical and corrosion properties of welds using copper coated solid MIG/MAG welding filler wire size 1.2 mm conforming to AWS/SFA 5.18 ER 70 S in Semi-automatic GMAW process. Solid filler wire is preferred by welders due to less fumes, practically no slag and easy manipulation of welding torch with smooth wire flow during corrosion repair attention, when compared to Flux cored wire. Three joints using Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) with shielding gases viz., Pure CO2, (80% Ar – 20% CO2 ) and (90% Ar – 10% CO2 ) were made from test pieces cut from Sole bar material of Railway Coach. Study of Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness and toughness revealed that welded joint made using shielding gas (80% Ar – 20% CO2 ) has better Mechanical properties compared to the other two shielding gases and comparable to that of Parent metal. Type of Shielding gas used has influence on the chemical composition and macro & micro structures. The Tafel extrapolation study of freshly ground samples in 3.5% NaCl solution revealed that the welded joint made using shielding gas (80% Ar – 20% CO2 ) has also better corrosion resistance which is comparable to the Parent metal as well as similar commercial steels.

6

Weld microstructure in cast lSi9/SiC(p) metal matrix composites

Wysocki J., Gawdzińska K., Lenart S.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 9, iss. 2

173-176

EN

Welded joint in cast AlSi9/SiC/20(p) metal matrix composite by manual TIG arc welding using AlMg5 filler metal has been described in his paper. Cooling curves have been stated, and the influence in distribution of reinforced particles on crystallization and weld microstructure. Welded joint mechanical properties have been determined: hardness and tensile.