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1

Microstructure and oxidation performance of undoped and rhodium-doped aluminide coatings on Mar-M247 superalloy

Zagula-Yavorska Maryana

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 19, no. 3

832--841

EN

A rhodium modification of aluminide coating on Mar-M247 superalloy was performed by electrodepositing of 0.5 mm thick rhodium layer followed by chemical vapour aluminizing. It was found that rhodium dissolves in the aluminide coating. Oxidation resistance of undoped coating is worse than the rhodium-doped one (higher weight gain). The constant kp value confirms the favourable modification effect of rhodium on resistance against oxidation of aluminide coatings. Rhodium reduces the oxide growth rate three times. Moreover, it dissolves in the NiAl rather than in the g0-Ni3Al during oxidation. The degradation rate from NiAl to g0-Ni3Al and Al2O3 layer growth has decreased.

2

The efficiency of feeding beef cattle using silage of various content of leguminous plants

Barszczewski J., Wróbel B., Balcerak M.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 62, nr 3

21--25

EN

Studies were carried out in the years 2013-2015 in a private farm in Kąty (Podlaskie Province) specialising in beef cattle breeding. The aim of undertaken studies was to analyse the efficiency of feeding beef cattle using grass silage from meadow sward of different leguminous plants content. In two subsequent years (2014 and 2015) feeding experiment was performed on bull calves of Limousine race having initial body mass 359-363 kg in 2014 and 270-290 kg in 2015 divided into two groups, 9 heads in each. The factor differentiating animal feeding referred to the share of leguminous plants in experimental silages given to animals. The efficiency of feeding was compared with that used in 2013 according to long breeder’s habit. Daily body weight gains of bulls, daily cost of feeding and the cost of obtaining 1 kg of body gain were evaluated. Increased share of legumes in silage resulting from grassland renovation through undersowing improved the efficiency of feeding and decreased its costs. Dosing of fodder in 2014 allowed for increasing daily body gains to 1.15 kg/head in the control group and to 1.26 kg/head in the group of cattle fed with silage containing leguminous plants. This enabled to decrease daily cost of feeding to 2.34 PLN per head and the cost of obtaining 1 kg body gains to 1.88 PLN per kg.

PL

Badania prowadzono w latach 2013-2015 w indywidualnym gospodarstwie rolnym w miejscowości Kąty (woj. podlaskie) specjalizującym się w hodowli bydła mięsnego. Celem podjętych badań była analiza efektywności żywienia bydła opasowego z wykorzystaniem sianokiszonek z runi łąkowej z różnym udziałem roślin bobowatych. Kolejno w dwóch latach badań tj. w 2014 i 2015, przeprowadzono doświadczenia żywieniowe na buhajkach rasy Limousine o początkowej masie ciała 359- 363 kg w 2014 roku i 270-290 kg w 2015 roku, podzielonych na dwie grupy po 9 sztuk. Czynnikiem różnicującym żywienie zwierząt był różny udział roślin bobowatych w sianokiszonkach doświadczalnych wchodzących w skład dawek pokarmowych opasanych zwierząt. Tłem oceny efektywności żywienia było żywienie stosowane w 2013 roku, zgodne z wieloletnimi nawykami hodowcy. Oceniano dobowe przyrosty masy ciała buhajków, dzienny koszt żywienia i koszt uzyskania 1 kg przyrostu. Zwiększenie udziału roślin bobowatych w sianokiszonce, w wyniku renowacji trwałych użytków zielonych metodą podsiewu, przyczyniło się do poprawy efektywności opasu i zmniejszenia kosztów żywienia. Wprowadzenie dawkowania pasz w 2014 roku pozwoliło na zwiększenie dobowych przyrostów masy ciał do poziomu 1,15 kg szt.-1 w grupie kontrolnej i 1,26 kg szt.-1 w grupie bydła żywionego sianokiszonką z udziałem roślin bobowatych. Pozwoliło to na zmniejszenie dziennego kosztu żywienia do 2,34 zł na sztukę oraz kosztu uzyskania 1 kilograma przyrostu do 1,88 zł/kg.

3

Microwave irradiation technique to enhance protein fibre properties

Tsukada M., Islam S., Arai T., Boschi A., Freddi G.

Autex Research Journal

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2005

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Vol. 5, no. 1

40--48

EN

Microwave irradiation technique was used for the chemical modification and grafting of protein fibrous materials, such as domestic silk (Bombyx mori), tussah silk (Antheraea pernyi), and wool fibres. Epoxide compounds Denacol EX810 and EX313 reacted effectively with the protein substrates. As alkali catalysts, sodium hydroxide was more effective than sodium thiocyanate. The optimum concentration was 0.25 w%. Weight gain values up to 8% were attained with 10-15 min irradiation time at 200W power. Graft-copolymerisation of vinyl monomers onto protein fibres resulted in variable weight gains, depending on the kind of fibre, the grafting monomer used, and the concentration of the padding solution. For example, after grafting with iso-propyl methacrylate (IPMA), the weight gain of fibrous proteins took place in the following order: Bombyx mori silk > tussah silk > wool. Bombyx mori silk gained more weight with IPMA than with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) or methacrylamide (MAA). The weight gain of Bombyx mori silk with HEMA significantly increased when the initial monomer concentration was raised to 400% owf, reaching a maximum value of 40%. The tensile properties of the protein fibres grafted with IPMA, MAA, and HEMA remained unchanged or slightly improved compared to the reference fibres. Fibres modified with epoxides showed a drop in tensile performance. The surface morphology of fibres treated with epoxide compounds or graft-copolymerised with vinyl monomers was almost unaffected, with the exception of HEMA-grafted fibres, which showed the presence of homopolymer deposited onto the surface at a weight gain exceeding 20%.