The intereset in increasing signal speed, lowering optical losses and reducing power requirements led to the integration and miniaturisation of the optoelectronics components. Planar optical devices play an increasingly important role as the components for fibreoptic communication and optical computing systems. Their purpose is to couple, switch, modulate, amplify or generate optical signal. Recent important development is successful operation of planar wavequide amplifiers and lasers that could be easily coupled to fibre components. Several wavequide fabrication techniques are employed depending on host material, including semiconductor materials, dielectric crystals and glasses. In this work the basic problems related to active wavequide fabrication and properties will be discussed. We also report the spectroscopic and laser properties of the Nd³⁺:YAG/YAG epitaxial thin films obtained in ITME laboratory in Warsaw.
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